Investigating of the function of the architectural square space of Tanq-i-Chakchak complex, Fars province; a new look toward sanctuaries of Arədvī Sūrā Anāhitā during Sasanian …
S Mousavi Kouhpar, S.M., Zabanavar, A., Ahmadzadeh Khosrowshahi
Reflection and Analysis of the Tree of Life and its Transformation into the Flower of Life in the Near East
Seyed Rasoul Mousavi Haji, Seyed Mehdi Mousavi, Shahin Aryamanesh
Journal PapersThe International Journal of Humanities , Volume 27 , Issue 2, 2020 March 10, {Pages 71-90 }
Abstract
For a long time, humans have used plant motifs on objects such as pottery, goblet, and others, which sometimes have a symbolic appearance and were very important in the relics of a particular period. One of the most important motifs, that has a Mesopotamian origin, is the tree of life. The tree of life is a plant that is found in many mythical traditions of the Near East such as Mesopotamia, Anatolia and Egypt. The flower of life or the motif of geometric rosette is another valuable motif with six petals. In this paper, the authors first discuss the symbols and symbolism and then investigate the background of the tree of life and then discuss the motif of geometric rostte or flower of life, and later focus on the Golden, Silver and Bronze f
Archaeological Evidence of Scythians Presence in Roudbar of Gilan Province in Iran
Shahin Aryamanesh, Seyed Mahdi Mousavi
Journal PapersSocial History Studies , Volume 10 , Issue 1, 2020 August 22, {Pages 30-Jan }
Abstract
Scythians were one of the nomadic tribes that after many displacements in the first millennium BC moved into parts of the present-day Iran (Persia). Historical texts such as those of Herodotus and Strabo and also the inscriptions of Assyrian kings all indicate the presence of Scythians in north-west of Iran. Herodotus has mentioned in his writings that when Scythian headed toward the south, they reached the Caucasus through Derbent. Scythian after passing the Caucasus, they met the Assyrians and had a battle (678 BC) and the Assyrians were victorious. One of the valuable excavations that led to finding human burial along with horses was the explorations of Ali Hakemi in Kaluraz and Jouban area of Roodbar city in Gilan Province carried out f
Laalvar region, as part of the great Qomrud River, is referred to a section that differs from the main bed of Qomrud River in topographical structure and geographical environment, and includes an inter-mountain plain and the high rolling terrains around it. This region has always been welcomed by humans due to its favorable environmental conditions, and settlement evidence of different periods can be observed in it. According to archaeological surveys conducted in Laalvar region during two periods in 2008 and 2014, one hundred and eighty five archaeological sites from the fifth millennium BC to the contemporary era were identified, each with one or more settlement periods. However, in terms of extent and importance of the sites, as well as
La’lvar region of Markazi province, a part of the catchment basin of the great Qomrood River, is referred to a section that differs from the main bed of Qomrood in terms of topographical structure of the geographical environment and includes an inter-mountain plain and the high unevenness around it. This region has always been welcomed by humans due to its favorable environmental conditions, and hence settlement evidence of different periods can be observed in it. According to archaeological surveys conducted in La’lvar region during two periods in 2008 and 2014, one hundred and eighty-five archaeological sites from the fifth millennium BC to the contemporary era were identified. One of the most important settlement periods of this regi
Investigation of the Arjan weir-bridge and analysis of its role in the prosperity of agricultural economy based on historical texts and archaeological studies.
Arjan weir-bridges in southwestern Iran from the Sassanid era to the rule of Muslim Arabs are among the irrigation and water supply structures that were considered by geographers and historians of the first to middle Islamic centuries. The upper weir-bridge of Arjan is a huge structure with different uses that some geographical and historical sources have described. After the destruction of the upper weir-bridge, a smaller sample was built downstream of the river. There are few traces of the structural buildings of Arjan double weir- bridges; The forthcoming research is based on such a necessity to document the impact of these weir-bridges on Arjan's economy. The purpose of the forthcoming research; Analysis of the existence of an upper wei
Journal PapersJournal of Historical Sociology , Volume 11 , Issue 1, 2019 January , {Pages 201-234 }
Abstract
Iron Age is one of the key and important periods of the humankind evolutionary process in the world. This period is representative of crucial changes of human life. New citied were erected and urbanization took on a new dimension by large numbers of urban dwellings. Social hierarchies were stabilized and new cultural traditions in human societies emerged by technological, industrial, literature and ideology. But the case in Iranian Plateau is not the same. No region in the Iranian Plateau had experienced an integrated power and literature except the Elamites, unlike neighboring regions such as Mesopotamia and Anatoly. While despite all these lacking and differences the region can’t be disregarded in figuring out the general overview of th
Journal PapersThe International Journal of Humanities , Volume 26 , Issue 3, 2019 January , {Pages 61-84 }
Abstract
Symbolic figures, in addition to decorative aspects, are indicator of culture, religion, art and political and social structures of a government and country in ancient times. During the Sassanid era, symbolic figures flourished further with the mixture of religion and polity and their examples can be seen in most of the remaining artworks from the same era that could found during archaeological excavations. Investigation of symbolic figures in the Sassanian rock reliefs and stucco is a necessity but unfortunately, has not been independently and elaborately addressed to this date. It is necessary to investigate this significant aspect using archaeological and historical evidence. This study, which is considered as a kind of fundamental resea
In Persian mythology, Anahita is the only goddess to have her name immortalised next to Ahura Mazda and Mithra - the two overarching Zoroastrian deities. The first written evidence stems from fourth-century BCE inscriptions in Susa and Hamadan. In Persia, Anahita was the deity assigned to water, as well as fertility and prosperity. She was also the protectress of the righteous kings, a tradition starting with the Achaemenian empire and lasting until the end of the Sasanian dynasty. The cultic syncretism developing in the vast Persian empires is as much part of the scrutiny of our authors as the Avestan origins of the Anahita cult.
This article discusses the gryphon, shirdal in Persian, a legendary creature featuring in much of Asia's and Europe's mythology. The shirdal, just as the Greek γρύφων, is a hybrid and legendary beast composed of eagle, human, lion and bull. But was there a common mythical function for the gryphon? The article will answer this question by tracing more than five thousand years of history, with a focus on Elamite architecture unearthed in Susa.
Analysis and Investigation of Effective Geographical and Socio-Cultural Variables on Formation and Development of Shahryeri
Mousavi Kouhpar, Seyed Mehdi
Journal PapersThe Journal of Spatial Planning , Volume 22 , Issue 1, 2018 April 15, {Pages 21-Jan }
Abstract
Northwestern of Iran reveals different geographical appearances including plain, semi dry and mountainous regions. Geographically, east of northwestern of Iran is mountainous with montane valleys that highly attracted societies through history for potential sources and geographical variables. Arjaq Plain is among the most important montane valleys of east of north-west of Iran, of where settlements date to Chalcolithic period. It was only during recent decades that archaeologist considered the regions, while earlier researches and chronologies generally limited to two coasts of Lake Urmia and conclusions generalized to the whole region of northwestern Iran, especially during Iron Age.