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The relationship between seaports and hinterlands play an important role in shaping the spatial structure of a country. The present article intends to explore the port-hinterland commodity relations in the last two decades in Iran by using a social network analysis method to analyze the intensity, direction, and concentration of commodity flows and to explain the spatial structure of port-hinterland relations. The results indicate that the southern ports of Iran have strengthened the centrality of the main inland city. Most selected indicators show that the three nodes including Tehran, Bandar Abbas, and Mahshahr Port have been the most interacting and exchanging commodity flows during the recent two decades. Thus, we can conclude that Tehr
The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women’s breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-nat
The purpose of present study was to analyze the current status of Handcrafts’ education in Iran’s Art universities in the context of sustainable development discourse. This idea was shaped due to the potential and actual capacity of handicrafts’ industries encountered an education model for sustainable development. The main question was how is the current status of bachelor of Handcraft education to reach an education model for sustainable development? A qualitative case study methodology was chosen for this study. The sampling method was purposeful. The data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with Handcraft education experts, which was done until the theoretical saturation was achieved. Using thematic analysis 16
Despite the pervasiveness of modern visual arts principles, as well as diverse styles and techniques that are rapidly spreading in the world, Iranian painting (miniature) carries out both actual and potential visual and expressive functions. With the presence of female painters in the history of contemporary Iranian art, Iranian female painters, apart from the use of Western methods and techniques, have gained great success in using some of the visual techniques of this treasure in the contemporary Iranian painting.The current study aimed to collect and introduce these contemporary painters and assess and analyze their artworks by considering the presence of miniature in their artworks. The question is about the role of Iranian female paint
Pins of Central Zagros in Iron Age are categorized into two main groups of Straight Pins and Headed Pins. The second group has three subgroups: 1-Castting Pinheads, 2- Openwork Pinheads and 3- Dis-headed Pins. These Pinheads contain various motifs such as humans, animals, imaginary creatures combined, herbs, geometric and abstract shapes. many scholars began to propose various interpretations concerning the nature, function, and symbolic meanings of these motifs. Among them, one can point out to the theories that attributed them to Mesopotamian gods & Iranian gods and myths. None of the ideas has been presented based on the analysis of all sorts of disc-headed pins; therefore, they are not able to provide a fairly comprehensive theory that
This research aims to identify the basic changes and requirements in the structure of higher education of handicrafts to acquire the graduateschr ('39') sustainability qualifications. Since higher educationchr ('39') s philosophy and goal is to educate sustainable human beings, a successful graduate has acquired all the sustainability qualifications and can integrate them into his knowledge and actions. The main question of this research is as follows: What measures should be taken in the educational structure of the bachelor course of handicrafts in order for the graduates to acquire sustainable qualifications in the field? The method of this research is qualitative and exploratory. The initial data were obtained through semi-structured in
This paper examines the creation of anthropomorphism through a point of view focusing on visual structure in the "Hunters and Hunted"(2009) documentary. One of the criticisms of wildlife films is the anthropomorphism of animal behavior and relationships in ecosystems in these documentaries, as it can lead to distortions of animal behavior in ecosystems. One of the aims of this article is to indicate the part of anthropomorphism that is created through the point of view and through the visual form of the work, so in order to avoid anthropomorphism in films, more attention should be paid to the form of aesthetic. Point-of-view analysis shows that subjective point of view (P.O.V) shots leads to anthropomorphism from the perspective of non-huma
Nowadays, the concept of sustainable development is progressively considered in all contemporary activities, including art and has been featured in the cinema since2004 with introduction of the term "Ecocinema" as a field of study. Earlier, film criticism and analysis of the ecological issues was limited to the scattered studies of critics such as Wilson, Armstrong, Seibert, Mitman, and Bous? with the focus on wildlife documentaries. But from this year, and within a short time, all kinds of cinematic genres, from fictional to documentary and experimental films have attracted the attention of critics. Similarly, many researchers from the humanities and social sciences have focused on ecological issues in cinema studies. As we see nowadays th
Art provides a useful setting for the evaluation of death-related concepts. The present study was designed to examine personality and individual difference correlates of the aesthetic preference for the death-related artworks of Damien Hirst. We examined the role of the Big Five personality dimensions, narcissism, alexithymia, religiosity, art interest, aesthetic judgment style, and death obsession in the aesthetic preferences for thirty death-related artworks by Damien Hirst. A sample of 210 individuals was exposed to death-related artworks of this artist and rated their aesthetic appreciation for each work. All participants also completed measures related to other personality and individual difference constructs.
Several self-report measures of conspiracist beliefs have been developed in Western populations, but examination of their psychometric properties outside Europe and North America is limited. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of three widely-used measures of conspiracist beliefs in Iran. We translated the Belief in Conspiracy Theory Inventory (BCTI), Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ), and Generic Conspiracist Belief Scale (GCBS) into Persian. Factorial validity was examined using principal-axis factor analysis in a community sample from Tehran, Iran (N = 544). Further, the relationships between scores on these measures and hypothesized antecedents (i.e., education, schizotypal personality, information processing
• Quantification and unravelling the mechanisms of perceptual organization is crucial to interpreting phenomena in modern visual perception science.• The objective was to study the induced grouping of ungrouped elements under the effect of embedding (explicitly inserting) and mapping (implicitly inserting) an inclined line on a dot-lattice. The idea is to study the hypothesis that the same perceptual grouping effect as the effect of titling a frame around the dot-lattice (an exterior effect) would also be induced by tilting a single line on to the lattice (an interior effect)[1].
Statement of the problem: Kerman has long established its historical position in Iran, and it seems at some points the importance of its position has been highlighted. Since Bandar Abbas turned into an important commercial port, Kerman has been an important trade point in the country on the Silk Road. Due to many trade exchanges with India and China in Kerman, this second-class city turned into a first-class city during the Safavid. However, less exists on how its interactions with other culture and geographical proximity to other countries have influenced the architecture and adornments of buildings in Kerman during the Safavid and since then. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to examine the adornments of buildings in K
Assessment of intrasexual competition has largely relied on Intrasexual Competition Scale (ICS; Buunk & Fisher Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 7:37–48, 2009). Based on recent developments in mating psychology and the notion that humans use multiple tactics to compete with same-sex individuals, we propose a new theory-driven assessment strategy for intrasexual rivalry in men and women. Here, we develop and initially validate the 16-item Intrasexual Rivalry Scale (IRS). Eight items represented self-promoting tactics in four mating areas and eight items represented rival-derogatory tactics in the same mating areas. We pre-registered our study design and statistical strategy and recruited a community sample in a non-Western c
There is evidence that superstitious beliefs are different across cultures. Yet, very little attention has been allocated to psychological research on culture-specific superstitions, particularly in non-Western societies. The present study examined magical thinking and superstitious beliefs in Iran, developing a culture-specific measure named Iranian Superstitious Beliefs Questionnaire (ISBQ). Following a comprehensive study on folklore superstitions in Iran, we developed a 10-item measure. Women scored higher than men in all items, but the magnitude of the gender effect was small to moderate. Exploratory factor analysis suggested that two factors can be extracted: magical thinking (5 items) and superstitious beliefs (5 items).