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Disturbing the ecosystem balance of urban rivers not only disrupts river flows, but its unfavorable environmental impacts are reflected in the city's long-term lives and will continue for generations. One of the major impacts on river ecosystems is water scarcity and drought. Zayandehrud River is one of the most important permanent rivers in Iran, which has suffered from shortages of water and seasonal droughts during the past years. Zayandehrud catchment area in the central region of Iran is one of the areas with tension. Increasing water usage and drought have caused this area to be under continuous water stress and in contemporary years, many environmental damages have been brought to this region and the country. To be It seems that sust
Skyline,is an important factor In explaining the locative characteristics and Qualitative? properties of urban scape, As an indicator of improved urban life. This study has used one of the Contemporary urban studies methods, Because of the Appropriate and functional Capabilities and Analyzes Its impact on the urbanscape. This analysis is done based on the definitions in the field of urbanscape and it’s elements, So that the skyline addition to being Quantitative indicators to explain and identity a cityscape, Checked as an urban” edge”, visual elements of urbanscape. While traditional Iranian cities according to their formal structure has been a characteristics of the skyline, Which plays a major role in quality to that city. This ar
Some semi-closed or completely abandoned big sites found in cities which caused several urban problems in the vicinity of urban residential areas such as Environmental issues and visual pollutions of urban landscapes. Today Reclamation of this group of all kinds of urban landscapes with regard to their historical, identities and industrial heritage values is the major goal of planners, designers, and Landscape Architects. This article also emphasizes on this main goal. The main issue of this research is how to reclaim post-industrial landscapes with the feature of enhancing the pleasant components as an effective factor in improving the quality of the place. Toward this goal by means of the analytical-descriptive research method and by usin
Problem statement: The three factors of culture, tradition, and religious beliefs have been amongst the most effective factors in ancient civilizations including Iran and China. In the mentioned civilizations, these factors have been embodied in various forms and had special importance in defining the spatial identity of various spaces including the gardens. In this regard, this comparative study is aimed to investigate how the ritual and cultural concepts affect the formation of the symbols and physical spaces of the gardens of these two civilizations is the main objective of this research. Objectives: The main objective of this paper is the identification of the symbols used in the physical structure of Persian gardens (Islamic era) and C
In the fifteenth century, the Safavids converted to Shi'ism and established Shi'a (The second largest denomination of Islam, after Sunni) as the official religion of their empire. The Islamic concept of the Ideal City, formed according to the Garden of Eden, was taken into consideration in the Safavid period. Gardens as parables of Heaven were often used as composing elements in urban design. This idea resulted in the formation of a powerful method of city planning that drew its conclusions from Shi'a ideology about the human place in the physical world and the Islamic concept of the Ideal City. Urban designers used the ideas of Heaven in small and large-scale gardens and used heavenly features as composition elements to create the city. Th