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Sperm can be selected as a natural vector for the production of transgenic animals. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD) removes cholesterol from the phospholipid membrane of sperm and improves the efficiency of DNA uptake by sperm. In experiment 1, fresh sperm was treated with various concentrations of MBCD. The direct effects of MBCD on sperm parameters were monitored. In experiment 2, different concentrations of MBCD (0, 1, 2, and 4 mM) were assessed for the transfection of genetically exogenous construction to rooster sperm. Washed semen was divided into five equal groups for the incubation and transfection with a pcDNA3.1+/hG-CSF vector (exogenous DNA) as follows; Treatment I – Control (washed semen without DNA); Treatment II – Control
In precision livestock farming, studies show that bird sound can be employed as a biomarker of health condition. One of the most important steps for this purpose is to study the feasibility of using acoustic features as criteria for disease diagnosis. In this research five acoustic features of bird calls were evaluated for determination of bird health condition. Signals were collected from broilers grown in three groups: control, challenged with Bronchitis, and challenged with Newcastle disease. Results of data analysis showed that, among the 5 acoustic features studied, wavelet entropy (WET) had the best performance and was able to detect Bronchitis on the third day after inoculation with 83% accuracy while the type II error in this test (
AbstractIn order to investigate the effect of Savory and Ajwain essential oils on performance and the quality of produced eggs in the challenged hens with Salmonella Enteritidis, 100 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens with 44-week-olds, in a randomized complete block design were studied for 13 weeks. Treatments included negative control, positive control, antibiotic: 0.15g oxyvet per kilogram of basal diet, Savory essential oil, and Ajwain essential oil: each in the amount of 1 g per kilogram of the basal diet. All experimental groups except negative control were challenged with 1 mL of suspension solution containing 1?107 CFU/mL Salmonella Enteritidis bacteria by oral gavage in the ninth week. Quantitative parameters at the end of each week and qual
Chicken semen cryopreservation is a tool for programs of genetic diversity management and endangered breeds conservation. Due to physiological features, the fertility rates of cryopreserved poultry sperm are lower than mammal species. Thus, improvement of the semen cryopreservation methods is required. A first study was performed by a 2 ? 2 factorial design consisting of two methods of adding the cryoprotectant [Direct or Diluted (mixed with extender medium)] and two cryoprotectants (glycerol and dimethylacetamide). Then sperm quality indicators were evaluated after freezing. A second study with a 2 ? 2 design was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the optimization of two different extenders (La
The antibacterial properties of egg yolk antibodies have been known for many years. Enhanced antibiotic resistance has resulted in increased need for using these antibodies as an alternative. In the present study, generation, capsulation, and inhibition growth properties of IgY directed against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (SI) were evaluated. White Leghorn layer hens were immunized using whole cell of inactivated SI. Salmonella Infantis–specific antibody activities in sera and egg yolk were determined by ELISA. A total of 480 one-day-old male “Cobb 500” chicks were randomly divided into 8 groups, with 6 replications of 10 birds kept for 21?D. All birds from 7 challenged groups were orally inoculated with 1?mL
In transitioning towards cleaner production and any other new policy, public acceptance is often seen as a major issue. Edutainment energy parks, with the potential to produce and exhibit various renewable energies, seems to be a successful strategy for increasing public awareness and culture building that may lead to public acceptance. The location of these park is the first, and perhaps the most important, challenge impacting their future usage and success. In this study, a hybrid decision support model was developed by combining the Delphi method (to obtain the main site selection criteria), the Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory technique (to establish the interdependence and correlation between complex criteria), and the Fuzzy Anal
Poultry is one of the most strategic source of human foods. There have been seen some hopeful signs of bioacoustics application to monitor the health condition of this vital food source. One of the obstacles is that the bird’s call is combined with some unvoiced sounds and extracting the calls is not easy, especially when the bird is sick. This research is a report on successful application?of some of the features involved in extracting healthy and non-healthy birds’ calls from their sound signals. One hundred and twenty birds from two genotypes – Ross and Cobb – were placed in two groups, a control and those challenged with respiratory diseases. They were reared and their sound was recorded daily. The vocal phrases of the recorded
Sodium bisulfate (SB) was evaluated on its ability to improve broiler growth and intestinal structure with(out) a coccidia challenge. One thousand two hundred Cobb500 day-old males were randomly assigned within 4 experimental groups with a 2?× 2 factorial design, with (out) SB in the diet and with(out) a day 0 coccidia challenge using a 10? dose of a commercial vaccine. At day 7, oocysts per gram of feces were determined. At day 0, 14, 28, and 41, BW and feed consumption were measured. At day 21, 20 birds per treatment were subjectively scored for coccidia lesions, and jejunal histologic samples were collected for villi measurements. Twenty additional birds were given fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran to determine gut permeability. At da
The main aim of the present study is to determine the optimum operating conditions for different feed compositions with less irreversible membrane fouling in an activated sludge followed by membrane process (AS-MP). In this regard, three different wastewaters with different BOD 5/COD ratios (0.83 for soft drink, 0.63 for pineapple fruit juice and 0.36 for amoxicillin) as an index of biodegradability were selected. The AS-MP system was operated with biomass concentration of 7000–8000 mg/l and different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) in the range of 4–20 h. The optimal HRT was decreased as BOD 5/COD ratio was increased. In order to investigate fouling behavior of membranes in the AS-MP, a commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microf
Oils and fats are usually added to the diet of poultry to enhance the energy density to produce energy-rich formulations. In order to ensure adequate levels of linoleic acid and to improve palatability and reduce the dustiness of diets, all poultry diets require a minimum of 1% added fat, regardless of other economic or nutritional considerations.
Coccidiosis is a high-prevalence disease that annually entails huge costs for the poultry industry. Control of coccidiosis in poultry production is based on the use of coccidiostats and vaccines. However, along with the problem of drug resistance, there is a concern about food safety and drug residues in poultry products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium bisulfate (SBS) in comparison with monensin (M) and their combination (SBSM) effects on controlling coccidiosis in broilers. In a randomized design, 300 chickens (Ross 308) were divided into 5 treatments and 4 replications (15 birds per replicate). All birds, except the negative control (NC), were orally inoculated with 4 Eimeria species on 14?D of age. Treat
To evaluate the effect of molecularly imprinted polymers as a synthetic polymer (TMU95) and commercial toxin binder (CTB) on aflatoxins (AFs) toxic effects on hepatic gene expression, and the biochemical and immunological parameters in ducklings, 240 four-day-old ducklings were randomly allocated into six groups with four replicates of 10 ducklings per each. The experimental groups were as follows: Negative control (basal diet without any additive or AFs), Negative control?+?TMU95 (5?g/kg feed), Negative control?+?CTB (Zarinbinder, Vivan Group, Mashhad, Iran. 5?g/kg feed), Positive control (0.2?mg AFs/kg feed), Positive control?+?TMU95 (5?g/kg feed), and Positive control?+?CTB (5?g/kg feed). On day 14, livers were collected (8 per treatment
High levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in avian sperm cause more susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Aging in roosters reduces the antioxidant capacity of sperm and thus fertility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) as a feed supplement to improve the semen quality and fertility parameters of aged broiler breeder roosters and identification of its most effective level. A total of forty-two roosters at 45?wk of age were randomly assigned to 7 treatments (0, 15, 40, 70, 95, 120, and 145?mg ALA/bird per day) for 8?wk. Semen parameters and body weight were assessed biweekly, and testosterone plasma levels were determined in the 8th wk of the experimental period. Artifici
Contamination of hatching eggs with pathogenic microorganisms decrease hatchability and may cause a financial loss in industrial bird production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of a commercial ostrich farm and its relationship to the hatchery management. Microbial sampling was done from the organs of two dead embryos, cloacae of seven newly hatched chicks and one mature female ostrich, the content of five infertile eggs, the incubation room and incubator machines, the ingredients of diet, and the shell surface of 62 eggs which were laid during a reproductive season. Various selective and differential media included MacConkey agar, blood agar, Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, nutrient agar, and PPLO agar, etc. w
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), distinguished by aggravating the function of central nervous system because of inflammatory demyelination. The most sensitive method for MS diagnosis is Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To distinguish inactive and active MS lesions, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE T1WI) is being used as a gold standard. There are some contraindications in gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs) usage. Moreover, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can discover diffusion changes involved inflammatory lesions. Objective: The current research aims at investigating if typical DWI (3 directional) and 12 directional DWI could be a substitute for CE T1WI in order to show active lesions of MS.Material and Methods: In thi
Effect of prebiotic and extract of three medicinal plants: Chamomile, Oregano, and Marjoram extract on the performance, intestinal histomorphology, and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production, by using 60 TETRA-SL brown-egg laying with 80-week-olds, in a completely randomizes design containing five treatments and four replicates with three birds in each experimental unit for eight weeks were investigated. Prebiotic was added at 0.5 g/kg of diet, and medicinal plant extracts in a ratio of 1:1000 were added to the drinking water of birds. Quantitative indicators at the end of each week and quality indexes at the last week of the experiment were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from one bird in e
Oils and fats are usually added to the diet of poultry to enhance the energy density to produce energy-rich formulations. In order to ensure adequate levels of linoleic acid and to improve palatability and reduce the dustiness of diets, all poultry diets require a minimum of 1% added fat, regardless of other economic or nutritional considerations.