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Seawater intrusion (SWI) is influenced by a variety of coastal phenomena, such as sea level rise (SLR), inundation of low-lying coastal regions, coastal storms, recharge rate variations, and pumping-induced saltwater upconing. Quantification of the influence of heterogeneity in the hydraulic conductivity field on SWI combined with SLR, land-surface inundation, and recharge rate variations in an unconfined aquifer is the main objective of the present study. The principal SWI indicators used in this study are length of the SWI wedge, seawater volume, and weighted average transition zone width. Characterized by the hydraulic conductivity field variance (σlnk2), the longitudinal correlation length (λx), the type of SLR (gradual or instantaneo
The existence of uncertainties in the input and output components is one of the major challenges in the water budget estimation due to the limitations in measurement or inaccuracies in the selection of appropriate methods. This leads to fluctuations and multiple differences in the estimation of renewable and programmable water. In this study, comparative and adaptive studies have been performed to identify sources of error and uncertainty on the aquifer of Rafsanjan study area in Kerman province, between 1972 and 2019. A critical review of the approach and method of the groundwater budget estimation was presented by looking at the existing errors and uncertainties. It is presented in the technical analysis form by the perspective of approac
Artificial freshwater recharge has been considered as a feasible and effective procedure to mitigate seawater intrusion in coastal regions. The efficiency of freshwater infiltration through a check dam reservoir on saltwater recession (SWR) is investigated using two physical models. The results demonstrate the apparent tendency of recharge freshwater to move horizontally toward the boundaries rather than flowing downward to influence saltwater wedge toe. Thereby, it would affect the saltwater wedge tip instead of its toe due to the new establishment of a positive hydraulic gradient from a dam reservoir to the boundaries. Moreover, numerical dispersive simulations have been carried out on a large-scale aquifer to find the optimum location of
Result-based management (RBM) has been used as a new management approach for groundwater resources planning. Based on this approach, three levels of results including outputs (aquifer stability), outcomes (positive balance), and impacts (aquifer restoration) have been considered in this study. To monitor these levels, three indicators based on sustainability, filling, and restoration definitions are given to describe the associated RBM aquifer restoration problems. In this study, a combined simulation-optimization model has been developed using a MODFLOW-based numerical simulation model and a parallel evolutionary algorithm of continuous ant colony optimization. The model has been applied to a real case study of Namdan aquifer located in Fa
Seawater intrusion is considered as one of the main hazards to coastal aquifers. In coastal aquifers, an overshoot occurs when the freshwater–saltwater interface exceeds the steady state position due to sea level rise (SLR). Hence, it is considered a more critical state than the terminal state. In the present study, overshoot is characterized in an unconfined, heterogeneous two-dimensional aquifer. For a more accurate evaluation, overshoot is investigated using three indicators, seawater toe, salinized volume, and effective dispersivity. In combination with the associated land surface inundation (LSI) impact, two types of SLR are assumed, gradual SLR (GSLR) and instantaneous SLR (ISLR). For addressing the heterogeneity of the aquifer, 50