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Water deficit is the main reason for sugar yield losses in semi-arid areas. Triazole derivatives may mitigate the harmful impacts of water stress. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of tebuconazole (TEB) application on antioxidants, root quality traits, and sugar yield under drought stress conditions. The treatments included three levels of irrigation set according to crop evapotranspiration (ETC): 100%, 75%, and 50% ETC, as well as three levels of TEB (0, 25, and 50 mg L-1). While significantly increasing antioxidant and alpha-amino-nitrogen (α-amino-N) contents, limited irrigation decreased total chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, leaf relative water content, the weight of roots, and sugar yield. In contrast, TEB
Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. is the most abundant herbicide-resistant weed species in Western Europe. Herbicide resistance management programs may rely, amongst other things, on information about fitness of resistant sub-population i.e. the number of offspring a genotype produces and contributes to next generation. Growth and phenological development of susceptible (S) and fenoxaprop-P resistant (R) A. myosuroides sub-populations from a non-target site resistant (NTSR) Danish population was studied for two years, while the primary seed dormancy of the populations was evaluated for three years. The genetic background of the S and R sub-populations was controlled using a plant cloning technique. No statistically significant differences were o
Quantifying the level of ecophysiological, biochemical, and agronomical fitness of herbicide-resistant (R) and herbicide-susceptible (S) weeds is useful for understanding the evolutionary development of herbicide resistance, but also for implementing herbicide-resistance management strategies. Although germination is a key fitness component in the life cycle of weeds, germinability of S and R weeds has rarely been evaluated under stressful conditions. Germinability traits of S and non–target site resistant subpopulations of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) sharing closely related genetic background were tested under salinity, drought stress, and accelerated seed-aging (i.e., exposed to 100% relative humidity at 45 C from 0 to 134
Drought stress is one of the environmental factors influencing crops growth, development, and production. Two field experiments were performed in Karaj, Iran, to evaluate the drought tolerance indices of 17 winter rapeseed genotypes in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing seasons. The factorial arrangement of treatments was set up as RCBD with three replications. To identify drought tolerant genotypes, several indices were used based on grain yield under normal and deficit irrigation conditions. Yield results showed that cultivars Artist (504.325 g m-2) and L72 (391.525 gm-2) were the superior treatments under normal and deficit irrigation conditions, respectively. According to correlation results, 3-D graphs were drawn based on Geometric Mean P
Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus L.) is an abundant resource with huge phytochemical and agronomic potentials. Their variation in response to agronomic techniques needs to be explored. Field studies were laid out to assess plant density and nitrogen fertilizer (N) effects on blessed thistle plant height, branches number (m-2), vegetative variables and RGR (relative growth rate), CGR (crop growth rate), LAR (leaf area ratio), NAR (net assimilation rate), as growth variables along with blessed thistle essential oil content, yield and compositions in two growing seasons. A three replicated factorial combination of plant densities (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-2) and N levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) in a randomized complete-block design
Background: Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is aromatic plants, belonging to Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of this plantis used in medicinal and food industries. The essential oil of summer savory hasantioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The main objective of this study was to identifythe chemical composition ofaerial parts and to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of summer savory essential oil against a few microorganisms including gram positive, gram negative bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeast.Methods: Shoot essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation technique using clevenger apparatus. The oil was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Antioxidant activity of essential oil was ass
Quantifying the level of ecophysiological, biochemical, and agronomical fitness of herbicide-resistant (R) and herbicide-susceptible (S) weeds is useful for understanding the evolutionary development of herbicide resistance, but also for implementing herbicide-resistance management strategies. Although germination is a key fitness component in the life cycle of weeds, germinability of S and R weeds has rarely been evaluated under stressful conditions. Germinability traits of S and non–target site resistant subpopulations of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) sharing closely related genetic background were tested under salinity, drought stress, and accelerated seed-aging (i.e., exposed to 100% relative humidity at 45 C from 0 to 134
Screening new alternative vegetable oil sources as biodiesel feedstocks has attracted worldwide attention as world oil reserves decline and environmental concerns increase. Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus L.) has recently been identified as a multipurpose crop with optimal economic yield in poor soils. Blessed thistle was seeded into three different site soil conditions (site 1: silt clay loam, site 2: sandy loam, site 3: saline sandy loam) in eastern North Dakota, USA to evaluate agronomic performance and seed properties as well as biodiesel potential. The highest biomass and plant heights were obtained from the sandy loam soil, while plants grown in saline sandy loam soil had similar seed and oil yield, and similar oil content as plant
Silicon (Si) can mitigate the deleterious impacts of various types of stresses on field crops. However, the potential of nano-silicon (nano-Si) in improving water stress and the relevant mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, here, we examined the combined impacts of nano-Si and various irrigation regimes on antioxidant systems, osmolytes, photosynthesis-related parameters, and growth of sugar beet in a field trial. Treatments included three supplemental irrigation rates (I1, I2, and I3) arranged based on the crop evapotranspiration (100% ETC, 75% ETC, and 50% ETC) and three doses of nano-Si: 0, 1, and 2?mM. Irrigation regime treatments were performed at the six-to eight-leaf stage (49?days after sowing), which continued until
In order to investigate some characteristics of three sweet maize varieties under application of various fertilizers and water deficit stress at the reproductive stage, a field experiment was conducted in Tarbiat Modares University during the 2016 growing season. The experiment was performed at three replications with the Factorial Split Plate arrangement in a completely randomized block design. Factors of irrigation regimes as irrigation after discharging 25, 40 and 55% of water used and cultivars (Basin, Passion and KSC403) in the main plot and fertilization included urea (116 kg. ha-1), azocompost (15497 kg. ha-1) and vermicompost (24223 kg. ha-1) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest ear fresh weight (236. 77
Methods: This experimental study was conducted in 2019 at Nahavand University. Flowers essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation technique using clevenger apparatus. The oil was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The total phenolic content of the essential oil was measured by Folin-ciocalteau method. Antioxidant activity of essential oil was assessed by using diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and β-carotene/linoleic acid system and compared with synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Then the effect of marigold essential oil was added to the non containing antioxidant canola oil at four concentrations (100, 200, 400 and 800 ppm) to determine antioxidant activity. Also an oil sample without antioxidant and two o
To evaluate the effect of different nutrition systems (such as organic, chemical and biologic) on quantitative and qualitative traits of three selected lines of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.), a field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University during 2012-2013 growing season. The Experimental treatments were arranged as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was three grasspea lines (L1 (Sel.B/222), L2 (Sel.B/111) and L3 (Sel.290)) and the second factor was four nutrition system (no fertilizer (F0), 100% chemical fertilizer (F1), 100% manure (F2) and integrated fertilizer (75% manure + 25% Nitroxin (F3)), respectively. Results showed that L1
Fitness costs of herbicide resistance may be more evident and increase under stress environmental conditions. To test this hypothesis, a herbicide-resistant (R) and a herbicide-susceptible (S) phenotype with controlled and homogenized genetic background were isolated within a non–target-site resistant (NTSR) black-grass population. Accumulated maximum germination (Gmax) and time to reach the Gmax(G50) of biotypes were examined under non-stress and abiotic-stress conditions (salinity at 16 dSm-1, drought at -0.8 Mpa). In addition, seedling pre-emergence biotypes growths were evaluated under non-stress condition. There was no difference in Gmaxbetween the R and S biotypes, whereas the Gmaxof R phenotype was 28% and 49% lower than that of th
There is ample evidence to illustrate the role of triazoles and silicon in mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses. However, the potential of nano-silicon and tebuconazole and their possible interactions in ameliorating the effects of drought stress and related mechanisms in sugar beet have not been investigated so far. Therefore, a split-plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at Motahari Research Station of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Karaj, Iran over two seasons, 2016 and 2017. Three irrigation treatments including 100, 75, and 50% of plant evapotranspiration (normal, mild stress, and severe stress, respectively) were assigned to the main plots. Subplots were com