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Research field: Colloid Systems, Hydrocolloids, Nanoemulsions, Microemulsion Technique, Macromolecular Interactions
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Due to the high demand (consumers and regulatory authorities) on elimination or reduction of ‘additives’ in food and other health related products, there is increasing interest on natural macromolecules or hydrocolloids such as gums. Gum Tragacanth (GT) is a multifunctional exudate gum with unique thickening, emulsifying, viscosity improving, stabilizing, gelling and structuring capabilities. Owing to its distinctive functionality, it has been extensively used in low-fat or non-fat food formulations, colloid-based products, edible films and coatings and (nano) encapsulation of food ingredients. This review provides the comprehensive information on its physicochemical, structural and functional characteristics with a particular focus on
Labyrinth weirs increase the discharge rate by increasing the effective length of the weir within a confined width. In this paper, an attempt was made to improve the hydraulic performance of labyrinth weirs by both notching the weir wall and inclining the weir crest edge. To simulate the free flow surface, the volume of fluid (VOF) method, and the turbulence, the RNG k-ε model was adopted in the FLOW-3D software. To validate the numerical model with the experimental data, the results indicate that the maximum relative error is 4.8%, which confirms that the numerical model is fairly well to predict the specifications of flow over on the labyrinth weir. Numerical simulation results showed that for low HT/P ratios (HT: approach flow head, P:
Microemulsions (MEs) could be considered as promising nutraceutical carriers for anthropoid consumption where their stability during storage is a real advantage. Considering powerful health benefits of lycopene and constant growing interest in green and safe extraction techniques, current study was aimed at ME extraction of lycopene from tomato industrial waste and monitoring of rheological behaviour, turbidity, refractive index, and colour characteristics of the developed ME during storage. Within 3 months, no significant changes were noted in the rheological behaviour and refractive indices of lycopene MEs in three different storage temperatures (5, 25, and 45 C). However, at higher temperatures (25 and 45 C), there was a progressive but
The present study conducted to develop a natural microemulsion (ME) system for lutein extraction from marigold petals powder (MPP). Using pseudo-ternary phase diagram, a monophasic ME (lecithin:1-propanol: water: sunflower oil, 50:25:5:20 w/w%) was identified. It formed nano-droplets (89?nm), reduced surfactant consumption (90%), and using a five-cycle extraction approach, the extraction capacity vastly improved (91–120% depending on MPP ratio). These findings are unique and very encouraging for the industry to extract lutein using bio-based ME rather than solvent (acetone) extraction. DPPH and ABTS assays also revealed high antioxidant activity of lecithin and lutein. Moreover, lutein microemulsion (LME) showed high DPPH radical scavengi
Despite a growing demand for whey protein‐based drinks, their instability and lack of solubility during thermal processing is a major challenge for food product formulators. In the present study, the effects of different hydrocolloids and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) on the heat stability, rheological properties, microstructure and sensory characteristics of whey protein concentrate (WPC) dispersions were evaluated. The results indicated that at pH 4, xanthan, k‐carrageenan, low methoxyl pectin (LMP) and guar stabilised WPC dispersion without heat treatment, all maintained stability during pasteurisation but not sterilisation. For pH 7, for the same set of hydrocolloids, a similar trend was also observed, albeit at different concentr
Almond botanically belongs to the Rosaceae family and Prunus genus. Prunus encompasses a large group of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, including Amygdalus, Prunophora, and Cerasus [1]. The Amygdalus L. itself consists of 26 well-defined species and a long list of additional binomials (including 20 different botanical names). The principal diagnostic trait of Amygdalus is that it flowers before the appearance of leaves and bears fruit in which the pericarp (hull) dries out at maturity. In addition, Amygdalus L. was originally found in the hot and dry climate of the Middle East, in all probability the Iran plateau (Figure 11.1 a), and subsequently spread over the other regions (Figure 11.1 b), namely, Southeast Asia, Southeast Euro
Cold plasma is known as a novel nonthermal processing method for decontamination of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs); however, there are little research studies about its effects on active ingredients of these plants. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of low‐pressure cold plasma (LPCP) treatments (1, 3, and 5?min) on the essential oil (EO) content and composition of lemon verbena leaves. The EO content was determined using hydro‐distillation, and the composition of the extracted EOs was quantified using gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. The results showed that by increasing the LPCP treatment duration, the EO content was reduced from 1.2 to 0.9 (% v/w). The highest con
Incorporation of many water-insoluble nutraceuticals into aqueous formulations can present a real challenge for food industry. Hence, establishment of novel technologies for concurrent extraction and solubilisation of lipophilic compounds might be of a great interest. The main objective of the present study was to prepare olive oil microemulsions using different proportions of lecithin, 1-propanol, olive oil and water to examine their abilities to form microemulsion as well as extraction of lycopene from industrial tomato pomace. Lycopene extraction using 1 g tomato pomace and 4 extraction cycles applying 5 g microemulsion composed of lecithin: 1-propanol: olive oil: water (53.33:26.67:10:10 wt%) resulted in the highest extraction eff
In this study, microemulsification of orange peel oil (OPO) using Tween 60: propanol with the ratio of 1: 1 was studied under different conditions of pH, ionic strength, and sugar concentration.. Results showed that critical temperature (the temperature in which one-phase microemulsion system was still stable) for the microemulsions with higher sucrose concentrations (in the range between 0 to 30%) was lower while by decreasing in sugar concentration, critical temperature shifted to higher temperatures, as it reached to 90 C for the samples without sugar. The prepared microemulsions were stable at 5 and 25 C for seven days, but samples with higher concentrations of sugar (25 and 30%) became turbid at 45 C, whereas all other samples exhibite
In the present study, the capability of microemulsion technique, as a novel technique for synchronous extraction and solubilization of lipophilic compounds, on lutein extraction from marigold petals was investigated. Under the optimized sonication (amplitude 100%, 120?s, 25?C), the extraction efficiency increased (85%) using SDS:ethanol (1:2)‐based ME. Moreover, sonication led to smaller droplets (12–163?nm) with favorable thermodynamic stability. In addition, the developed MEs showed higher thermal and especially UV stability in comparison to organic solvent extracts which were fainted with first‐order kinetics. It was also found that co‐surfactant could be eliminated from formulation on the expense of the optimized sonication, w
The fabrication of concentrated nanoemulsions provides potential advantages such as loading capacity enhancement, storage and transportation costs reduction, and creation of novel textures. The current study investigated the capability of high power ultrasound on nanoemulsification of high concentration triglyceride using various natural emulsifiers (saponin, whey protein isolate, lecithin and sucrose monopalmitate). The impact of the emulsifier concentration (up to 6 wt%), oil content (up to 60 wt%) and exposure to sonication (up to 33 min) on the droplet size distribution, physical stability and rheological properties were evaluated. Regarding the dilute nanoemulsion (10 wt% oil), droplet size was inversely correlated with the concentrati
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various fat sources on productive performance, blood biochemical variables and immune responses of laying hens. Laying hens were divided into seven groups, which received i) basal or control diet (no oil); ii) and iii) basal diets containing 1% and 3% soybean (SB) oil; iv) and v) basal diets containing 1% and 3% kilka oil (KO), and vi) and vii) basal diets containing 1% and 3% soybean fatty acids (SFA). Productive performance was evaluated from day 1 to day 84. Blood biochemical variables and immune responses were assessed on days 28, 56 and 84 of the trial. The study results indicated that the dietary inclusion of 1% and 3% KO and SFA and 3% SB oil could decrease the feed conversion ratio
In this study, a highly stable superhydrophobic surface with excellent corrosion resistance was fabricated on the 6020 aluminum alloy. In this regard mixed shot peening-etching treatment and silane modification was used. The wettability of surfaces was studied by contact angle measurement. Also, the influence of the shot peening pretreatment on the corrosion resistance of fabricated samples was investigated in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution, using weight loss, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The contact angle of 153?? 2 and the sliding angle of 8?? 2 was obtained on a shot peened sample after silane modification. The corrosion test results show high corrosion resistance of modified shot peened sample which was attri
In this work, we carry out self –similar solutions of viscous-resistive accretion flows around a magnetized compact object. We consider an axi-symmetric, rotating, isothermal steady accretion flow, which contains a poloidal magnetic field of the central star. The dominant mechanism of energy dissipation is assumed to be the turbulence viscosity and magnetic diffusivity due to the magnetic field of the central star. We explore the effect of viscosity, magnetic diffusivity and advection on a rotating disk. We show that dynamical quantities of advection dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) are sensitive to the advection, viscosity and magnetic diffusivity parameters.
Nowadays, solvent (hexane) based oil extraction is a widely used commercial technique and there are a number of environmental, economic, and health related concerns. Overcoming such serious issues is driving research to develop alternative safe methods. In the present study, a novel technique, using lecithin‐based microemulsion system, is developed for canola oil extraction. At first, pseudoternary phase diagrams of canola oil/lecithin/propanol/water microemulsions are constructed and the effect of temperature on microemulsion formation was evaluated. So that, (lecithin/propanol)/water microemulsion premixes ([2:1]50:50 and [2:3]80:20) are selected for optimization (temperature, exposure time, premix:canola seeds ratio, and agitation rat