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Plastid genome sequences provide valuable markers for surveying the evolutionary relationships and population genetics of plant species. In the present study, the complete plastid genome of Onobrychis gaubae, endemic to Iran, was sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing and was compared with previously known genomes of the IRLC species of legumes. The O. gaubae plastid genome was 123,645 bp in length and included a large single-copy (LSC) region of 81,034 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 13,788 bp and one copy of the inverted repeat (IRb) of 28,823 bp. The genome encoded 110 genes, including 76 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and four ribosome RNA (rRNA) genes and possessed 89 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) a
The Irano-Turanian (I-T) bioregion harbours one of the Old world’s greatest repositories of botanical diversity; however, the diversification patterns and the phenotypic evolution of its flora are sorely understudied. The subtribe Cynoglossinae is characteristic of the western I-T bioregion, species–rich both in the desertic lowlands and the more mesic highlands of the Iranian plateau. About 70 species of Cynoglossinae are present in the Iranian plateau, 47 of which are endemic to the plateau.Herein, nuclear ITS and cpDNA rpl32-trnL and trnH–psbA sequences were used to investigate the molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and ancestral character states of Cynoglossinae. Molecular dating and ancestral range reconstruction analys
Phylogenetic relationships within Astragalus sect. Acanthophace and several spiny Astragalus species were studied using nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) and two plastid intergenic spacers (rpl32-trnL(UAG) and trnS(GCU)–trnG(UCC)). The strongly congruent expression using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods was the non-monophyly of sect. Acanthophace at the current status suggesting the exclusion of A. ovigerus and A. lamprocarpus as a single clade. This study also shed light on taxonomic controversies on the synonymy of A. lamprocarpus under A. ovigerus and indicated the non-monophyly of A. lycioides complex, since one accession of A. lycioides (sect. Acanthophace) united with members of A. sect.
The genome organization and gene content of plastome (plastid genome) are highly conserved among most flowering plant species. Plastome variation (in size and gene order) is rare in photosynthetic species but size variation, rearrangements and gene/intron losses is attributed to groups of seed plants. Fabaceae (legume family), in particular the subfamily Papilionoideae and the inverted repeat lacking clade (IRLC), a largest legume lineage, display the most dramatic and structural change which providing an excellent model for understanding of mechanisms of genomic evolution. The IRLC comprises 52 genera and ca 4000 species divided into seven tribes. In present study, we have sampled several representatives from each tribe across the IRLC fro
This research aimed to investigate the relationship between plant composition of Dinarkooh Protected Area (DPA), west of Iran (called Zagros forests) with elevation and soil properties. A total of 100 random sampling plots (25 ? 25 m) at different elevations were sampled for their soil and collection of plant specimens and vegetation data based on Braun-Blanquet covered-abundance scale. Data were analyzed using TWINSPAN and multivariate statistical analysis packages. We recognized 142 plant species present in the study area identified under 105 genera and 29 families. Asteraceae, Papilionaceae and Poaceae were the most frequently encountered families. Bromus and Astragalus were also the largest genera in the study area. The plant species we
In this study, phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary trends of morphological characters of Astragalus sects. Acanthophace and Aegacantha were studied using nrDNA ITS and rpl32-trnLUAG datasets while Astragalus stocksii was selected as the outgroup. The phylogenetic results indicated the non-monophyly of A. sect. Acanthophace in its current circumscription due to the distant exclusion of A. ovigerus from the core group, and incongruence between nuclear and plastid datasets on the basis of different position of latter species in the resulted phylogenetic trees. Astragalus sect. Aegacantha was also found to not being monophyletic due to the distant position of A. montis-parrowii from the other representatives of the section while accompa
Elham Amini (correspondence< elham_amini1494@ yahoo. com>), Shahrokh Kazempour-Osaloo, Fatemeh Nasrollahi, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran.-Ali Asghar Maassoumi, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization,(AREEO), PO Box 13186-116, Tehran, Iran.
Fatemeh Nasrollahi (correspondence< nbotanist@ yahoo. com>), Shahrokh Kazempour-Osaloo, Elham Amini, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran.-Valiollah Mozaffarian, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization,(AREEO), PO Box 13186-116, Tehran, Iran.
Phylogenetic relationships of Bromus pectinatus complex and its intersectional hybrid origin were studied using nrDNA ITS and ETS and, plastid matK datasets. A total of 37 taxa representing three outgroups (Hordeum marinum, Triticum turgidum, Littledalea alaica) and 34 taxa of Bromus species were included in phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic interspecies relationships were constructed by Bayesian and likelihood analysis. On the basis of the present study, sects. Genea and Bromus were not monophyletic. The plastid and nuclear ribosomal data indicated incongruency related to sects. Bromus and Genea due to the position of B. gedrosianus and B. pulchellus (B. pectinatus complex) as well B. oxyodon and B. sewerzowii, supporting intersectional
Pure DNA is essential in various techniques of molecular biology and its extraction from plants to produce large amounts of secondary metabolites is a difficult task. Alchemilla is known to synthesize a large number of secondary metabolites which reduce the quality of the extracted DNA. This study, aimed to set up a method for high-quality DNA isolation from Alchemilla leaf. For this purpose, three extraction methods were examined and a comparison concerning price, simplicity, and security was carried out. We also optimized a CTAB-based method using increasing the volume and concentration of CTAB buffer, lysis time, and cold incubation period, performing six times dilutions, and three times precipitations, adding polyethylene glycol, and re
Astragalus L. with about 3150 species is the largest genus of flowering plants (Maassoumi 2020a) distributed in northern temperate areas of the world. Most of its diversification history took place in the Old World (Podlech & Zarre 2013; Maassoumi 2020a). Old World Astragalus is divided into 150 sections and roughly 2748 taxa (2560 species and 188 subspecies), of which c. 135 sections occur in SW Asia (Maassoumi 2020a). Twenty two sections are endemic and restricted to small geographical regions, and many other sections (111) show wider distribution areas. In SW Asia, Astragalus has over 1484 species (1024 endemics) distributed in all phytogeographical units and various habitats. The Irano-Turanian region with a relatively high number of en
Onobrychis maassoumii Kaveh, Amirah. & Kaz. Osaloo sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a new species. It is restricted to Alborz mountain range in northeastern Tehran, Iran. Morphologically, this species is distinct from its closest relatives by greenish appearance, leaflets with upper glabrescent surface, calyx teeth 2–2.3 times as long as tube and petal wings ciliate. Also, molecular evidence reinforced this species as a distinct taxon. The distribution map and an illustration of the new species are also provided.
Onobrychis sect. Heliobrychis with ca. 30 species is one of the most species-rich sections of Onobrychis. It comprises predominantly perennials mainly distributed in Iran, Turkey, and Transcaucasia. In order to test the monophyly of the section and as well as its subsections and to clarify interspecific relationships, three non-coding chloroplast sequences and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer were employed. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Based on the combined data set, O. sect. Heliobrychis was retrieved as a well-supported monophyletic group sister to O. sect. Hymenobrychis. The annuals traditionally united in subsect. Persicae forme
Hedysarum alamutense, a new species in the tribe Hedysareae DC.(Fabaceae), is described and illustrated. It belongs to the traditionally recognized Hedysarum L. section Multicaulia (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch., which extends over the West Alborz Mountains in northern Iran. This species is characterized by greenish stems and corolla persisting in fruiting stage and has mostly 1–2-jointed, unarmed, biconvex pods with short hairs becoming bald early, and flattened margins. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data clearly unite this species with H. formosum Fisch. & CA Mey. ex Basin. The new species is characterized by 4 singleton nucleotide substitutions, suggesting it as a distinct taxon. Phylogenetic inferences are consistent with the interpretatio
A total of 93 species of Hedysarum from diverse biogeographic regions, in particular from southwest Asia, were included in phylogenetic analyses using nuclear (ITS) and plastid DNA sequences (trnL–trnF and matK). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined plastid data retrieved Hedysarum as monophyletic, whereas phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear data inferred Hedysarum as non-monophyletic. In both datasets, Hedysarum comprised three distinct and well-supported clades corresponding to sections Hedysarum, Stracheya and Multicaulia. The latter section fell into two distinct lineages, taxonomically redefined as H. subsects. Multicaulia and Crinifera. Thus, our results did not support the monophyly of the three traditionally recog