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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem all over the world. Among HCV proteins, nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is one of the most promising target for anti‐HCV therapy and a candidate for vaccine design. DNA vaccine is an efficient approach to stimulate antigen‐specific immunity but the main problem with that is less immunogenic efficiency in comparison with traditional vaccines. Several approaches have been applied to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA. Recently, bacteria‐derived substances are considered as one of the most attractive adjuvants for vaccines, which among them, Listeriolysin O (LLO) of Listeria monocytogenes is a toxin with an extremely immunogenic feature. We investigated detoxified form of LLO gene as geneti
Preparation of the indigenous varicella zoster vaccine could significantly reduce the disease burden of varicella zoster virus especially in immunosuppressed children. To achieve this goal, the varicella zoster virus was isolated from an 8 years boy infected with chicken pox. The virus was cultivated in sensitive cell line and determined varicella zoster.
Background: The rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Iran has increased dramatically in the past few years. HIV-1 genome sequences are pivotal for large-scale studies of inter- and intra-host evolution. To understand the molecular difference between reference HIV-1 isolate and two HIV-1 infected patients in Iran, we conducted this study to analyze some genome segments of Iranian HIV-1 isolates. Methods: Two HIV-1-infected individuals who were under antiretroviral therapy (ARV) for 8 years with stable clinical status were enrolled. The patient's plasma samples were used for the Gag-Pol genome sequences (4500 nt). The phylogenetic tree and similarity plotty were obtained based on Gag-Pol sequences. Results: Both HI
While the prospect of viral cure is higher than ever for individuals infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to ground-breaking progress in antiviral treatment, success rates are still negatively influenced by HCV’s high genetic variability. This genetic diversity is represented in the circulation of various genotypes and subtypes, mixed infections, recombinant forms and the presence of numerous drug resistant variants among infected individuals. Common misclassifications by commercial genotyping assays in combination with the limitations of currently used targeted population sequencing approaches have encouraged researchers to exploit alternative methods for the clinical management of HCV infections. Next-generation sequencing (NGS
A tremendous upscale of screening and treatment strategies is required to achieve elimination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Iran by 2030. Among treated patients, at least 5–10% is expected to experience treatment failure. To efficiently retreat cases with prior exposure to NS5A and NS5B drugs, knowledge on the natural prevalence of NS3 resistance is key. The NS3 region of 32 samples from sixteen Iranian HCV patients, among which 6 injecting drug users, was amplified and subjected to deep sequencing. Amplification and sequencing were successful in 29 samples. The reads were assembled to consensus sequences and showed that 6 patients were infected with HCV1a (37.5%), 7 with HCV1b (43.8%) and 3 with HCV3a (18.7%). Nucleotide identities w
A tremendous upscale of screening and treatment strategies is required to achieve elimination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Iran by 2030. Among treated patients, at least 5–10% is expected to experience treatment failure. To efficiently retreat cases with prior exposure to NS5A and NS5B drugs, knowledge on the natural prevalence of NS3 resistance is key. The NS3 region of 32 samples from sixteen Iranian HCV patients, among which 6 injecting drug users, was amplified and subjected to deep sequencing. Amplification and sequencing were successful in 29 samples. The reads were assembled to consensus sequences and showed that 6 patients were infected with HCV1a (37.5%), 7 with HCV1b (43.8%) and 3 with HCV3a (18.7%). Nucleotide identities w
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem all over the world. Among HCV proteins, nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is one of the most promising target for anti‐HCV therapy and a candidate for vaccine design. DNA vaccine is an efficient approach to stimulate antigen‐specific immunity but the main problem with that is less immunogenic efficiency in comparison with traditional vaccines. Several approaches have been applied to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA. Recently, bacteria‐derived substances are considered as one of the most attractive adjuvants for vaccines, which among them, Listeriolysin O (LLO) of Listeria monocytogenes is a toxin with an extremely immunogenic feature. We investigated detoxified form of LLO gene as geneti
Background: The rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Iran has increased dramatically in the past few years. HIV-1 genome sequences are pivotal for large-scale studies of inter- and intra-host evolution. To understand the molecular difference between reference HIV-1 isolate and two HIV-1 infected patients in Iran, we conducted this study to analyze some genome segments of Iranian HIV-1 isolates. Methods: Two HIV-1-infected individuals who were under antiretroviral therapy (ARV) for 8 years with stable clinical status were enrolled. The patient's plasma samples were used for the Gag-Pol genome sequences (4500 nt). The phylogenetic tree and similarity plotty were obtained based on Gag-Pol sequences. Results: Both HI
Preparation of the indigenous varicella zoster vaccine could significantly reduce the disease burden of varicella zoster virus especially in immunosuppressed children. To achieve this goal, the varicella zoster virus was isolated from an 8 years boy infected with chicken pox. The virus was cultivated in sensitive cell line and determined varicella zoster.
Aims of the StudyThe major problem of? DNA vaccine is less immunogenic than older style live or killed whole organism vaccines therefore adjuvants? for use in this kind vaccines is very necessary. Genetic adjuvants with bacterial sources are an appropriate approach to modulate immune responses to DNA vaccines. Listeria Monocytogenes proteins such as Listeriolysin O (LLO) with CD4 and CD8 epitopes can be as an adjuvant to initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses if the protein cytotoxicity can be elimitated. Herein we constructed a truncated LLO plasmid as genetic adjuvant.Materials & MethodsAbout 1340bp of? the 5' end of whole LLO gene was amplified by PCR on DNA purified from Listeria Monocytogenes. Sequential subcloning of trunc
Background: Clinically, diabetes is an important risk factor or a range of diseases including nephropathy, retinopathy, angiopathy and deficiency and it is increasing in prevalence according to some estimates.(Cucurbita pepo L.) from the cucurbitaceae family has a low calorie but high nutritional and medical value. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of cucurbita extract on serum factors of STZ induced diabetic rats including glucose level AGEs, lipid profile (cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and TG) and CRP.Material and methods: Diabetes type1 was induced to Male albino-wistar rats by STZ at a dosage of 50 mg kg-1. 17 rat were divided into three groups randomly including diabetic treated with extract, diabetic control and normal group. D
BackgroundOne class of phytochemicals are phenols with (OH) group bounded to aromatic hydrocarbon group. The aim of this study was to reviewed the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant properties of important phenols.MethodsThis is a review study with ethic number (95s108) from AJUMS. About 450 articles (original, review,etc) been screened; 40 of them in the range of (1992–2017) were used due to their correlation to the study purpose. 28 of them were indexed by “Web of science (ISI)”, 24 of them indexed by pubmed and also 29 of them were indexed by scopus data center.FindingsPhenols affect diabetes in different ways. CGA suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis through the inhibition of G6Pase and is also an insulin sensitizer that potentiates insul
The emergence of Zika-virus-associated congenital microcephaly has engendered renewed interest in the pathogenesis of microcephaly induced by infectious agents. Three of the original “TORCH” agents are associated with an appreciable incidence of congenital microcephaly: cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, and Toxoplasma gondii. The pathology of congenital microcephaly is characterized by neurotropic infectious agents that involve the fetal nervous system, leading to brain destruction with calcifications, microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, and ophthalmologic abnormalities. The inflammatory reaction induced by these four agents has an important role in pathogenesis. The potential role of “strain differences” in patho
Vaccination is the most effective method for the prevention of influenza virus infection. Currently used influenza vaccines that target the highly polymorphic viral surface antigens can provide protection when well matched with circulating virus strains. Antigenic drift or cyclically occurring pandemics may hamper the efficacy of these vaccines, which are chosen prior to each flu season. Therefore, a universal vaccine, designed to induce broadly cross-protective immunity against the highly conserved internal antigens M1 and nucleoprotein could provide durable protection against various influenza virus subtypes, and it could also reduce the impact of pandemic influenza, which occurs less frequently. Here, we describe a new inf
Aims of the StudyThe major problem of? DNA vaccine is less immunogenic than older style live or killed whole organism vaccines therefore adjuvants? for use in this kind vaccines is very necessary. Genetic adjuvants with bacterial sources are an appropriate approach to modulate immune responses to DNA vaccines. Listeria Monocytogenes proteins such as Listeriolysin O (LLO) with CD4 and CD8 epitopes can be as an adjuvant to initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses if the protein cytotoxicity can be elimitated. Herein we constructed a truncated LLO plasmid as genetic adjuvant.Materials & MethodsAbout 1340bp of? the 5' end of whole LLO gene was amplified by PCR on DNA purified from Listeria Monocytogenes. Sequential subcloning of trunc
Accepted: 2017-12-25 ePublished: 2018-01-07