In late 2019, a new coronavirus called SARS-COV-2 triggered an epidemic in Wuhan, China, and now exists worldwide. SARS-COV-2 is a highly contagious virus and is the cause of the current COVID19 pandemic.Covid19 can affect anyone, from mild to very severe. For some other illnesses caused by respiratory viruses (such as the flu), some people may become more severely ill because of characteristics such as old age or certain medical conditions that increase the risk of the disease. The purpose of this review study is to monitor the disease, field research, and factors that may contribute to the severity of the pathogen so that we can better understand why some people may have severe COVID19, which is one of the most important priorities. The C

BACKGROUND: RNase L is known as a terminal component of antiviral and Interferon (IFN) pathways in mammalian cells. On the other hand, the human miR-29 family of microRNAs (miRs) has three mature members, miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c. miR-29 is encoded by two gene clusters and the family members have multifunctional roles in various biological processes. OBJECTIVES: To determine the potential role of miR-29 in the regulation of RNASEL gene expression by designing inhibitors against its targeting miRNA, miR-29a-3p and evaluate the RNase L expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After selecting miR-29a-3p as a main regulating miRNA for RNASEL in silico, two inhibitors were designed against it and synthesized. Synthesized strands were made double-s

A panel of 4 different cell lines was optimized for isolation, identification, and authentication of a VZV virus from a swab sample of an 8-year-old boy suspected to varicella zoster infection. The system enabled highly efficient and rapid isolation of viruses in 33 0 C by serial sub culturing to more than 25 passages. The technique relies on isolation of viral genes by increasing the number of particles that are statistically represented in cell culture and verified by CCID 50 , FAM-RT-PCR, and IE62 antibody in IF test. The viral genes (ORF38, ORF54) confirmed the new isolate as VZV and revealed the amino acid sequence of viral-encoded proteins after 27 passages, identical with positive control virus, in RFLP-PCR test. Utilization of s

A tremendous upscale of screening and treatment strategies is required to achieve elimination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Iran by 2030. Among treated patients, at least 5–10% is expected to experience treatment failure. To efficiently retreat cases with prior exposure to NS5A and NS5B drugs, knowledge on the natural prevalence of NS3 resistance is key. The NS3 region of 32 samples from sixteen Iranian HCV patients, among which 6 injecting drug users, was amplified and subjected to deep sequencing. Amplification and sequencing were successful in 29 samples. The reads were assembled to consensus sequences and showed that 6 patients were infected with HCV1a (37.5%), 7 with HCV1b (43.8%) and 3 with HCV3a (18.7%). Nucleotide identities w

Preparation of the indigenous varicella zoster vaccine could significantly reduce the disease burden of varicella zoster virus especially in immunosuppressed children. To achieve this goal, the varicella zoster virus was isolated from an 8 years boy infected with chicken pox. The virus was cultivated in sensitive cell line and determined varicella zoster.

Background Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) has been described in various clinical settings including after hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization. The purpose of study was to characterize the prevalence of OBI among immunized children from a subset of general population and the parents of OBI‐positive cases. Methods Sera of 1200 children from general population who have been previously immunized by HBV vaccine were assayed for anti‐HBs. 660 were randomly selected for HBV DNA testing by different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and were analysed by direct sequencing on surface genes. Results None of participants were positive for HBsAg and anti‐HBc. 549 (45.7%) and 651 (54.3%) cases had anti‐HBs?>?10?mIU/mL (responders

Epstein–Barr virus is primarily the cause of acute infectious mononucleosis and can also cause lymphoma and autoimmune diseases. Th17 cells, which are a unique subset of ThCD4+ cells, direct the infection toward inflammation through production of inflammatory cytokine IL-17. In contrast, Treg Foxp 3 cells inhibit inflammation through secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, leading to chronic infection. As IL-17 and IL-10 play a key role in determining the acute and chronic state of the disease, in this study, by evaluating the levels of IL-17 and IL-10 and their ratio using qRT-PCR in 10 patients with acute infectious mononucleosis and 10 healthy individuals as negative control, we investigated the correlation between production of

BACKGROUND: Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has always been a matter of concern. Finding a cost-effective compound with an anti HCV activity and with minimum side effects could advance HCV therapy. On the other hand, it has been revealed that increasing intracellular zinc concentration has the potency to inhibit and impaired certain viruses.METHODS: In order to analyze antiviral activity of zinc on HCV and find out the possible mode of action, different concentrations (10, 50, 100 and 200 ?M) of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) was evaluated against different stages of HCV JFH1 life cycle in Huh7. 5 cells in vitro. Antiviral activity of zinc salt in pre, simultaneous and post infection treatments were estimated by quantitative RT-PCR and

Background:The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an infectious viral agent that gradually extinguishes the immune system, resulting in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to construct an RNA-positive control based on armored (AR) RNA technology, using HIV-1 RNA as a model.Methods:The MS2 maturase, a coat protein gene (at positions 1765 to 1787) and HIV-1 pol gene were cloned into pET-32a plasmid. The prepared plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL2 (DE3), and the expression of the construct was induced by 1 mM of isopropyl-L-thio-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG) at 37 C for 16 h to obtain the fabricated AR RNA. The AR RNA was precipitated and purified using polyethylene glycol and Se

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between p16 methylation and its expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Also the contribution of clinicopathological factors, HPV infection and smoking in p16 expression and promoter methylation has been investigated. In this study 67 consecutive OSCC patients and 59 normal individuals were enrolled. All patients were candidates for surgery of oral cavity and fresh tumor biopsies were collected and processed for DNA and RNA extraction. Normal gingival tissues were collected from individuals referred to dentistry clinic and considered as controls. All the cases and controls were checked for HPV infection and then promoter methylation and expression of p16 gene were determin

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a viral infectious agent that gradually extinguishes the immune system, resulting in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to develop a TaqMan based detection assay to evaluate HIV-1 plasma viral load and to construct a stable internal positive control (IPC) and external positive control (EPC) RNA based on Armored RNA (AR) technology. METHODS: The MS2 maturase, coat protein gene and HIV-1 pol gene were cloned in pET-32a plasmid. The recently fabricated recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL2 (DE3) and protein expression and Armored RNA was fabricated in presence of isopropyl-L-thio-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG). The Armored RN