Two populations of Xiphinema persicum n. sp. belonging to the X. americanum-group, were recovered from Semnan province, and described and illustrated based upon morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The type population of the new species is characterized by 2233–2736 μm long females, offset lip region, anteriorly flat to slightly rounded and separated from the rest body by constriction, 82–87 μm long odontostyle, two equally developed genital branches with visible endosymbiont bacteria in ovaries under light microscope, vulva at 52.8–55.5%, 27–32 μm long dorsally convex and ventrally straight to slightly convex tail with a rounded tip, or having a wide mucro-like differentiation, rare male with six ventromedian suppleme

Three populations of criconematids belonging to the subfamily Macroposthoniinae, representing three species Mesocriconema kirjanovae, M. surinamense and Criconemoides amorphous were recovered from two different geographical localities in East Azarbaijan province, northwest Iran. The recovered populations were characterized morphologically. Iranian population of M. kirjanovae is characterized by 437-542 μm long females, having 86-97 retrorse body annuli with smooth to finely crenated margin, cephalic region with two, non-retrorse annuli, 56-62 μm long stylet, the anterior lip of the vulva with two projections and conical tail with acute tip. The recovered population of M. surinamense is characterized by 495-640 μm long females, having 87-

The Desmodoridae is a diverse and widespread family of free-living nematodes. Here, we provide the first record of the group in the Persian Gulf and describe three new species: Metachromadoroides sinuspersici sp. n., Zalonema iranicum sp. n. and Z. supplementorum sp. n. Metachromadoroides sinuspersici sp. n. is characterised by finely annulated cuticle, short and stout cephalic sensilla, amphidial fovea on cuticular thickening, pharyngeal bulb well developed and partitioned into three sections, absence of precloacal supplements, and presence of 6-8 pairs of rounded postcloacal papillae. Zalonema iranicum sp. n. is characterised by papilliform subcephalic sensilla (best observed with SEM), convex cephalic capsule, large multispiral amphidial

Five populations of a new dagger nematode species were recovered from natural grasslands and forests of north and northwest Iran, and described based upon morphological and molecular data in present paper. Xiphinema hyrcaniense n. sp. is characterized by 3.9–5.5 mm long females, having 102–142 μm long odontostyle, 64–88 μm long odontophore, guiding ring located at 115–147 μm distance from anterior end, two equally developed genital branches having crystalloids in tubular part of uteri and pseudo-Z-organ at their junction with pars dilatata uteri, short, rounded to dorsally more convex tail with a mucro or in few specimens, without it. Common males with 72–95 μm long spicules and four juvenile developmental stages. The new spec

The box tree moth (BTM), Cydalima perspectalis and the fall webworm (FWW), Hyphantria cunea are two invasive pests of forest trees that have been recorded from Hyracinan forests in north Iran for the first time in 2016 and 2002, respectively. In a search for tentative native entomopathogenic nematode species (EPNs) with potential biocontrol ability against lepidopteran pests of forest trees in north Iran, Oscheius myriophilus was isolated by soil-baiting method from forests of Amlash in the east of Gilan province. The Iranian isolate of this species is characterized by 870–1,247 μm long hermaphrodites having 17–20 μm long stoma, vulva at 45.5–53.1% of body length, tail 90–126 μm long, common males with 38–49 μm long spicules a

This contribution provides the morphological and molecular identification of a new species of the genus Longidorella (Saevadorella). L.(S.) caspica n. sp., was recovered from the rhizospheric soil of grasses in Mazandaran province in the seashore of the Caspian Sea. It is characterized by females with a length of 788 to 874 μm and a cephalic region with prominent papillae; and separated from the rest of the body by a remarkable constriction, an odontostyle of 32 to 33 μm, vulva at 52.5 to 59.0%, and a tail of 33 to 38 μm with a rounded tip. Males have 32 to 35 μm long spicules of dorylaimoid form and five to seven ventral supplements ending at 48 to 55 μm distance from cloacal pair. The new species was morphologically compared with sev

Longidorus behshahrensis n. sp. is described and illustrated using morphological and molecular data. It was recovered from the rhizosphere of a wild cherry tree in Mazandaran province, northeastern Iran. The new species is characterized by having 6.8–8.4?mm long females, lip region separated from the rest of the body by a shallow depression, amphidial fovea pocket shaped not bilobed, guiding ring at 25–31?μm from the anterior end, 81–91 and 51–63?μm long odontostyle and odontophore, respectively, 109–130?μm long pharyngeal bulb, didelphic-amphidelphic reproductive system with long tubular bipartite uteri with sperm, vulva at 44–54%, tail bluntly conical, dorsally convex, ventrally concave with widely rounded terminus, hyalin

Cryptaphelenchus paravaricaudatus n. sp., from declining Pinus massoniana in China, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterised by the 233-308 μm long females with distinctly annulated cuticle, lateral fields with four lines, lip region separated from the body by a shallow depression, delicate stylet with small knobs, post-vulval uterine sac short and rectum and anus invisible. Males are 204-259 μm long, with spicules 8.5-12.0 μm long, condylus well developed and broad, caudal papillae arranged as a single (P1) and a pair of precloacal papillae (P2) plus two pairs of postcloacal papillae (P3 and P4). Based upon the general morphology of the female, the new species most closely resembles C. varicaudatus. The morphologic

Cephalenchus driekieae n. sp. is described and illustrated based on its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characteristics. This new species is mainly characterized by its short stylet 11.5 to 13.0 ?m, and 13.5 to 17.5 ?m long pharyngeal overlap extending over the intestine. It could further be delimited by 451 to 526 ?m long females with a prominently annulated cuticle, dorso-ventral amphidial openings as shown using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), four lines in the lateral field, anchor-shaped stylet knobs, empty spermatheca, elongate conoid tail with finely rounded tip and males absent. The shortest stylet and long pharyngeal overlap, distinguish this new species from previously described members and update the characte

A population of Xiphinema americanum-group was recovered in association with stone fruit trees in Isfahan province, center of Iran. A reverse taxonomic approach based upon the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA D2-D3) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI mtDNA) gene sequences in integration with morphological studies, revealed that the recovered population belongs to Xiphinema santos. The Iranian population was mainly characterized by 1240–1868 μm long females with 60–84 μm long odontostyle, a= 37.2–51.9 and c= 42.8–54.6. It is further characterized by a lip region having a depression in junction with the body, presence of visible endosymbiont bacteria in ovaries under light microscope, dorsally convex and

During quarantine inspections, a new species of Hoplotylus was detected from the rhizosphere of the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum, imported into China from Japan. Hoplotylus japonicus n. sp. is characterised by a stout 431-602 μm long body, well-developed 20.0-24.5 μm long stylet with tulip-shaped knobs having rounded sides in lateral view and a rounded anterior margin, excretory pore located slightly posterior to the hemizonid, usually empty, spermatheca, conical tail with a spike-like projection, which is distally smooth on the dorsal side, and males not found. It was morphologically compared with four currently known species of the genus, viz., H. femina, H. montanus, H. silvaticus, and H. sjacobi. In molecular phylogenetic analyses us