Department of Persian Language and Literature (2003 - Present)
Persian Language and literature
Persian Language and literature , Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Persian Language and literature
Persian Language and literature , Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Persian Language and literature
Persian Language and literature, Tehran Univesity, Tehran, Iran
Ebrahim Khodayar, Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature at Tarbiat Modares University (TMU).
Molla Abdolmotaleb Khajeh, also known as Fahmi (death after 1286 AH), is a biographer from Transoxiana. There is little known about his personality, and some of the evidence from Tajikestan and Iran are rather faulty. This study aims to introduce this biographer and his categorization of biography, and then analyze his critical views. The content and genre analysis of the study attempts to answer the following questions. Who is Fahimi? What are the features of his biography? What are the author's critical views? What significance does this biography have in the Persian literary history of Transoxiana? The findings show that Fahimi's biography is a general independent unfinished prose in Farsi which was written in the 13th century AH, ordere
Afzal Makhdoum Pirmasti is a poet and biography writer from Herat, Bukhara (death: 1916). In the introduction of his Tadhkirah-ye Afzal al-Tazkar fi Zekr al-Sho’ara va al-Ash’ar, also known as Afzal’s Biography of Poets he declares that he wrote the book by order of the emir of the Emirate of Bukhara, Abd al-Ahad Khan (1886-1910), in 1904 about 137 poets of Bukhara and the Persian speaking regions—who lived in Bukhara—from 1787/1788 until the year of compiling the book. There is little known about this author and his writing. The information about him in the sources in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan are not without errors. Thus, this study aims to introduce Afzal’s Biography of Poets and critical ideas. To achieve this
Abdolkarim Fazli Namangani (death 1822) was a biographer in Transoxiana who played a significant role in the anthology of Farsi poetry by writing Majmouat al-Sho'ara. This study aims to investigate the character of Fazli and the significance of his biography in the anthology of Farsi poetry in Transoxiana. It, then, analyzes his critical view to see in what tradition of literary criticism he stands. The content and document analysis of the works showed that Fazli is a poet of Khoughand's court, the ruler of which was interested in art and poetry. The ruler asked him to write the first versed bilingual (Farsi-Turkish/Uzbek) biography of the Transoxiana. This biography is the only unique resource on the anthology of Farsi poetry in the area i
Abstract Gulrukhsor (1947- ) is one of the most prominent representatives of nationalism in contemporary Tajik poetry. By experiencing cultural nationalism and by taking refuge in national and ethnic memories, she creates a deep sense of nostalgia in the addressee towards the past. This paper is an attempt to find out what definition of homeland she has expressed in her poetry from the time Soviet Union until now. Based on the tenets of Romanticism, the analysis of her poems showed that the poet has had three different and interrelated concepts of homeland in mind: geographical, historical and cultural. In her geographical homeland, she inclines towards the nation. This notion of homeland was an inseparable part of the cosmopolitan sociali
Haji Abdol Azim Sharii (death: 1894) is the first biography writer of the literary environment of Bukhara that played a significant role in the second half of the 19th century to spread the idea of biography writing as a genre in Transoxiana through being inspired by Vazeh Bukharayi and other Iranian contemporary writers. There is little known about this biography writer and his biography. This study aims to analyze the life of Sharii and his biography. The study employs content and genre analysis to pursue the following questions: Could we understand the real identity of Sharii? What are the Sharii's criteria to write a biography? The findings show that Sharii is an Iranian from Bukhara. His identity is still vague after one and a half cen
Any discourse constitutes of several propositions and discursive formations that are created by focusing on the political, cultural and social conditions of each era. During the rule of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (1772-1834), the dominate literary review discourse; which is considered the very traditional discourse, was formed based o the perception system that was governing an era in which, the royal court was recognized as the producing institute of the mentioned discourse. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the literary discourse of return in images specific to Fath Ali Shah Qajar with regard to the political, social, epistemic contexts and the system of knowledge or spirit of the time.If we admit that until then, Iran
Being simultaneous with the political changes in the political geography of the Transoxanien region and turning to the Central Asia and consequently to the five-council based republics, the concept of homeland in the Tajik contemporary literature has gone throng major changes. The main issue of this research is the study of the transformation of homeland’s concept in contemporary Tajik literature from the period of acquaintance (1905-1870) to independence and national self-consciousness (1991) in the context of periodization of this contemporary tradition. This concept has experienced what changes during the 145 literature? The writer has used a descriptive – analytical method based on Literary Periodization under the theory of literatu
Since the second half of the eighteenth century, Bedil (1644-1720), has been one of the most popular poet of Persian speakers in Central Asia whose heritage became the source of professional audiences for Persian poetry. Whatever their linguistic and cultural origin, they interpreted this heritage according to their mental antecedents and interests. Based on the achievements of philosophical hermeneutics, the author seeks to find an answer to this question: besides the characteristics of Bedil's heritage, what are the social and cultural fields of the region that led to the adaptation and interpretation of his poems from the public viewpoint? According to the results of this research and besides the fact that Bedil's ancestors migrated from
Nowadays, Persian-speakers are solely the inhabitants of Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. In spite of different nationality, the people of these three countries belong to the same culture. Thus the main objective of the current research would be the analysis of national identity of Persian-speakers in the poetic heritage of Gulrukhsor Safieva (born in 1947); Tajik contemporary poet. According to theoretical of Romanticism, the author has analyzed and classified national identity of Iranian people into five major categories including: native land (Ariana), mythic and national system (nation of sun (, national origin (Iran and Turan), national language (native language), national masterpiece (Shahnameh and its reproduction). The analysis of
In recent decades, the concern of many scholars of Iranian cultural issues has been the historical experience and historical role of Persian language and literature in cultural Iran (the field of common civilization with Iran), as well as the converging and diverging characteristics of this realm. The main question of this research is to study the barriers and approaches to develop the Persian writing system, language and literature in the context of the theoretical and conceptual framework of so-called cultural Iran. The research methodology of the current study is descriptive and field research. The results demonstrated comprehensive set of macro and micro barriers and approaches in the field of language planning, policy development and i
Suhrawardi (549?-587 AH) is one of the most influential mystical and philosophical figures in the history of Iranian and the Islamic world as well as the founder of the Suhrawardi School of thought (Spiritual Enlightenment). According to Suhrawardi, being aware of the absolute loneliness of human in this world and his desire to return to his primordial homeland is of much importance. This theme is very beautifully projected in his mystical works; especially in Qissat al-Ghorbat al-Gharbiyya (A Narrative of Western Solitary). In this study, an analytical and critical approach is employed to analyze a poem by Taqi Pournamdarian titled "Ay Shauq-e Wasl va Shoor-e Shahadat" (Thou, Ecstasy of Reunion and Passion for Martyrdom) taken from his poe
Suhrawardi (549?-587 AH) is one of the most influential mystical and philosophical figures in the history of Iranian and the Islamic world as well as the founder of the Suhrawardi School of thought (Spiritual Enlightenment). According to Suhrawardi, being aware of the absolute loneliness of human in this world and his desire to return to his primordial homeland is of much importance. This theme is very beautifully projected in his mystical works; especially in Qissat al-Ghorbat al-Gharbiyya (A Narrative of Western Solitary). In this study, an analytical and critical approach is employed to analyze a poem by Taqi Pournamdarian titled" Ay Shauq-e Wasl va Shoor-e Shahadat"(Thou, Ecstasy of Reunion and Passion for Martyrdom) taken from his poet
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In the late 19th century, among the Muslims who was under the Russian Empire domination, a social and cultural movement came to emerge which has been known as ‘Modern Methods’ or ‘Modernity’. Following its founder, Ismail Gasprinski (1851-1914), the movement deployed new methods in education in primary schools. After Russian Army was defeated by Japan and the first Russian revolution in 1905, to develop their connection with the public and to spread their tenets, while they were publishing newspaper and magazines to simplify language, simultaneously the movement proceeded to create a rich literature in poetry and narrative literature to modernize their literature both in form and content. In this article we studied the translation o
Literary criticism in its modern sense originates from the culture of the western world. However, it does not mean that Persian literary history has been without literary criticism. With respect to literary criticism and critical analysis of poetry, the Safavid era is one of the greatest periods in the history of Persian literary criticism. The most significant aspect of literary criticism practices of the era is striving to search for meaning and attempts at arriving at new themes but the issues of the reciprocal relationships between the poets and conformity to facts are two dominant themes of the literary criticism of the period. Coffee houses, as the most important and the greatest literary circle in Iran at the time, play a significant
One of the most important characteristics of Iranian paintings is their connection and unity with Persian literature, which resulted in the formation of common language and similar subjects in these two art fields. However, since the Zands Dynasty, especially their late era, a certain divergence occurred between painting and poetry due to the weakness of literature and the fact that the painters were more influenced by the European art. While focusing on the benchmarks of the poems of the return era, and the Royal Court portrait paintings, this study strives to examine the common aesthetic connection between these two fields of art through performing historical, descriptive, analytical and comparative study, and achieve the response to this
This study is accomplished in order to find out whether the following piece of verse can be considered as the sign of Mahdaviyyat in Hafiz’s worldview:‘Before the cavalry of his fancy, the black and the white of my eye, I sent; in the hope that the imperial horse rider might come back.’(Hafiz Diwan ed. Ghani & Ghazvini 235/2.) The authors hypothesize that Hafiz has reflected a prospective climate in the aforementioned ghazal (lyric) and taking his life and other allusions in his Diwan into consideration, it could at least be said that there are views which can be counted as to be in accordance with Mahdaviyyat philosophy. It also shows that Hafiz had been acquainted with Morabete (stationing), which is an old Islamic tradition being s
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