The aim of this work has been to examine the effect of intensive ball milling of sphalerite in the wet and dry modes on the microstructural changes and the subsequent effect on its dissolution rate. Sample characterization showed that the BET surface area and the amorphization degree were obtained to 18.2 m2/g and 78.92% in the wet mode and 7.72 m2/g and 90.35% in the dry mode milling after 180 min, respectively. The maximum extraction of Zn obtained 23.7, 67.12 and 85% in the unmilled, wet and dry milled samples, respectively. The ratio of kinetic rate constant has been increased by 37 and 67 times, respectively. Also, the activation energy was decreased with increasing of milling time. Selectivity of sphalerite leaching versus surfa

The abandoned lead mine of Shahroud Gholleh Kaftaran at 4km northeast of the Chah Mousa mine contains significant resource of processing tailings left in the area. These tailings could be exploited with significant resource of over 50,000 tons with a copper oxide content of 0.95%. In this study, copper recovery from Gholleh Kaftaran mine processing tailings has been studied by agitated leaching and iron cementation methods. In the leaching experiments, pH and particle size had the greatest effect on copper dissolution, respectively, while solid percent and time had lower effect. In the coarser particles, the pH of the solution is not as effective as finer particle sizes as liberation and exposure of the malachite play the key role, here. Th

The number and positioning manner of the ligands present in the first shell of every cation of rare earth elements are key parameters in determining the stoichiometry of the reactions of solvent extraction from nitrate systems, especially when acidic extractants are used. In addition to determining the hydration and coordination of nitrate ligands around lanthanum and yttrium cations in an aqueous electrolyte, this paper investigated stoichiometry by combining the results of studies on molecular dynamics simulation and solvent extraction experiments. The analysis of the results of the Radial Distribution Function clearly showed the presence of one and two nitrate ligands, respectively, in the first hydration shells of lanthanum and yttrium.

The large amount of residues and pollutants left over from the drilling industry could cause irreparable damage by entering the human and animal food chain. Therefore, drilling waste management is of particular importance. Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is one of the methods used to remediate all types of soils contaminated with metal and organic pollutants, but the special conditions and properties of drilling wastes make the use of this method more complex for the treatment of this type of waste. In this study, by enhancing the EK method with Fenton technique, which is an advanced oxidation technique, and using copper and iron electrodes as anode, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were removed from the oil-based drilling waste. The best

Although bioleaching of chalcopyrite by thermophilic microorganisms enhances the rate of copper recovery, high temperature accelerates iron precipitation as jarosite, which can bring many operational problems in industrial processes. In this research, the bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrate by the thermophilic Acidianus brierleyi was studied, and microbial growth, copper dissolution, iron oxidation, and jarosite precipitation were monitored in different initial pH (pHi). Bacterial growth was greatly affected by pHi. While bacterial growth delayed for 11 days with pHi of 0.8, this delay reduced to nearly one day for pHi of 1.2. Two stages of copper recovery were observed during all tests. High pHi caused fast bacterial growth in the firs

Toxoplasmosis is a widespread parasitic disorder that caused by protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Nowadays, nanotechnology is used for diagnose of many infectious diseases. It could be because of nanoparticles play an important role in order to accurate and fast diagnose. The purpose of this research is to create a Nano-ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) kit with Excerted/Secreted Antigens to have a greater sensitivity and specificity than the designed ELISA kit for detection of Toxoplasmosis in mouse. At first serum was collected from 15 infected mice by Toxoplasma gondii and 15 healthy ones. Then E/S antigen is separated from parasite Tachyzoites and used for designing ELISA kit by E/S antigens. Mice sera evaluated by designed

Interleukin (IL)‐22 is a member of IL‐10 family cytokines with various immunologic functions. As its name implies, IL‐22 is known to be secreted mainly by Th22 cells, a recently discovered lineage of CD4+ T cells. Also, Th17, Th1, natural killer cells, γδT cells, and innate immune cells along with some nonlymphoid cells have been confirmed as secondary cellular sources of IL‐22. Different cell types such as bronchial and intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, hepatocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and tubular epithelial cells are affected by IL‐22. Both pathologic and protective roles have been attributed to IL‐22 in maintaining gut homeostasis and inflammation. According to the latest fast‐growing investigations, IL‐22 is

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that composed of two or more benzene rings. These compounds are produced by incomplete burning or pyrolysis of organic matter. Phenanthrene is a type of aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three benzene rings, whose known effects can be attributed to its stimulating effect and skin sensitivity. The remediation of contaminated soil with hydrocarbon pollutants is crucial issue due to the soil connection with the food cycle. There are several methods for contaminated soil remediation. Electrokinetic (EK) is considered as one of the innovative technique that capable to remove both heavy metals and hydrocarbon contaminant from the soil matrix. The oxidation and reduction agents are added to change t

Under the oxidative roasting process, pyrite, as a major mineral in sulfidic mine tailings, can transform to iron oxides. Generated iron oxides, if exhibiting enough magnetic properties, can be recovered via magnetic separation resulting in partial mine tailings valorization. However, due to the presence of various minerals and sintering possibility, it is advantageous to remove impurities and increase the pyrite content of mine tailings prior to the roasting procedure. In this case, hydrofluoric acid that has no influence on pyrite can be used to leach most inorganic minerals, including aluminosilicates. Therefore, this study investigated and compared the influence of the roasting process with and without hydrofluoric acid leaching pretrea

The discharge of toxic elements from tailings soils in the aquatic environments occurs chiefly in the presence of indigenous bacteria. The biotic components may interact in the opposite direction, leading to the formation of a passivation layer, which can inhibit the solubility of the elements. In this work, the influence of jarosite on the bio-immobilization of toxic elements was studied by native bacteria. In batch experiments, the bio-immobilization of heavy metals by an inhibitory layer was examined in the different aquatic media using pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. A variety of analyses also investigated the mechanisms of metals bio-immobilization. Among different tests, the highest m

Enhanced electrokinetic (EK) technique was employed to remediate Cr-contaminated soil using a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) and chelating agents. Synthesized nanomagnetic Fe3O4 was used as a reactive material in PRB. Moreover, EDTA and citric acid (CA) were used as chelating agents. Sequential extraction method (SEM) was employed to determine Cr-elimination mechanism during the EK process. The results revealed that EDTA (78% Cr removal) was more effective than CA (54% Cr removal) in eliminating Cr from the contaminated soil during the EK process. The application of PRB in combination with EDTA was able to reduce the Cr removal rate to 70 and 66% by locating PRB in the middle section and near the anode/cathode reservoir, respectively. The

The contaminated soil by mining activities could be transported through the erosive effect of wind. In this study, human health risk was assessed for exposure to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) present in surface soil of Irankouh zinc–lead mine, (the nearest mine to Isfahan, Iran) as one of the main dust storm sources. The effect of improper mining waste and tailings management in the Irankouh zinc–lead mine was not deeply investigated. Thus, 65 surface soil samples were collected (mining and residential area) and subjected into chemical analyses, then various assessment approaches were conducted on the obtained data. It was found that the mean concentrations of Zn (1035.2?mg?kg−1, SD = 563.7), Cd (2.53?mg?kg−1, SD = 1.1), an