Department of Psychology (1988 - Present)
Family relationships and child development
, Oklahoma State, U.S.A
Regarding the devastating aftermath of divorce among Iranian divorced women, which is mainly affected by sociocultural factors, this qualitative study was conducted to explore their applied strategies in reorganizing their lives. Data collection started through deep unstructured interviews followed by semistructured interviews with 18 divorced women who were chosen by purposive sampling from mental health clinics, social work centers, or available cases. Gathered data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. Two main themes—behaviors of self-preservation and abstinence and struggling for balance—emerged. Subcategories were concealing the divorce, feminine self-restriction, avoidance behaviors, replacement of losses,
Background and Objective: People’s perceptions toward insomnia are influenced by the socio-cultural context of their lives. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate beliefs, attitudes, and practices of the participants about causes of insomnia and its management.Materials and Methods: Nineteen participants with a self-reported history of insomnia from the community were recruited in this study. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted. The interviews were recorded and tran-scribed verbatim. The transcriptions were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Four themes were identified: underlying causes of insomnia, help-seeking barriers, my coping strategies, and good food-bad drugs. Participant’s reactions to
Several different beliefs about the importance of dreams have been recorded from ancient times to the present. In ancient Iranian culture, dreams had a special importance. Similarly, in modern times, Iranians pay much attention to their dreams. The present questionnaire study of several beliefs about dreams describes the beliefs of 486 Iranian university students in Tehran (men= 253; women= 233) from the Tarbiat Modares and Allameh Tabatabai University about their dreams through administering of the My Beliefs About Dream Questionnaire (MBDQ). The two main objectives of the research were to examine the psychometric properties of the MBDQ and to describe the dream beliefs of Iranian college students. Factor analysis of the MBDQ yielded a six
Postdivorce identity challenges can be experienced differently in societies that underline the lack of normalcy of divorce. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore Iranian divorced women’s perceptions of their identities. A qualitative content analysis method was applied. Participants included 18 divorced women recruited based on purposive sampling. Data were gathered using unstructured interviews, and analyzed via content analysis method. Three categories—stigmatization, separation shock, and remarriage paradox—were extracted, and the main theme was identity threat. Findings illustrate that Iranian divorced women can be considered at risk, and hence, understanding their views is vital for developing context-specific preventive
Background and Aim Evidence of the efficacy of existing psychological interventions for self-management in diabetes is limited. The current study aimed at assessing the effects of group-based ACT on self-management of patients with T2DM, considering the moderating role of coping styles. Methods One hundred and six patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned either to the education alone (n = 53) or to a combination of education and group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (n = 53) over a period of 10 sessions. In each group, 50 participants completed a 3 month follow-up assessment. Results After 3 months, compared to patients who received education alone, those in the group-based acceptance and commitment therapy conditio
Diabetes control as a chronic and complex disease needs doing self-care activity for lifetime. Psychological treatments, like acceptance and commitment therapy, are complementary to medical treatment in efforts to improve self-care activities. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on improvement of glycated hemoglobin and self-care activities in patients with type II diabetes. This was a pretest-posttest experimental design with control group. The study sample consisted of 100 (60 females, 40 males) out-patients diagnosed with type II diabetes who attended Labbafinejad Hospital.
Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (ie, women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N= 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents’ personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages be
Introduction: Considering the stressful nature of the phenomenon of divorce, its unpleasant consequences particularly for women, and furthermore the increasing emphasis on the role of religious and spiritual beliefs in coping with stressful life events, the present study aimed to explore the personal experience by which divorced women cope with divorce via religious/spiritual beliefs. Method: A qualitative study using content analysis approach, was conducted. Deep-interviews were held with 18 divorced women. In this study a purposeful data sampling method was applied. For the analysis of the data, the Graneheim's model of content analysis was applied containing verbatim transcription, reading interviews several times to obtain a sense of th
Introduction: Diabetes is a multi-factorial chronic disease that has no absolute cure and requires continuous self-care. Emotional disorders such as alexithymia have been considered as one of the major barriers to self-care behaviors in diabetes control. This study aimed to compare glycemic control indicators in patients with type II diabetes in two alexithymic and non-alexithymic groups. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a study sample of 80 (47 females and 33 males, aged 40 to 60 years) type 2 diabetic out-patients who referred to clinics of the Labbafinejad hospital in 2012. Data collected, using 3 questionnaires included information on demographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics, a summary of Diab
Background: Diabetes self-care is a key element in the overall management of diabetes. However, the importance of psychosocial factors for successful disease management is under investigated. This study aimed at exploring the role of coping styles and social support in the relationship between self-care activities and glycated haemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: One hundred adults (60% female, aged 40–70?years) with type 2 diabetes completed questionnaires assessing self-care activities, coping styles and social support. In addition, a blood test was performed to obtain glycated haemoglobin levels.Results: Result showed significant relationships of glycated haemoglobin with self-care activities, coping styles and social
Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N = 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents' personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages
Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N = 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents' personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages
Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show well-defined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals acros
Objective: Based on Problem Based Theory, this study investigated a broad array of putative protective factors associated with psychopathological symptoms and prosodical behaviour.Methods: Participants were 140 orphan adolescent girls and boys living in foster care homes in Tehran, chosen with convenience sampling procedures. Using a cross-sectional design this study examined the individual and interactive properties of protective factors in this high-risk population.Results: Findings with theoretically derived multi-item subscales indicated a high degree of association specificity based on type of psychopathology and depending on gender. Results with the whole sample indicated that theoretically derived individual protective factor scales
Introduction: Diabetes is a complex and chronic disease associated with patients’ quality of life. Previous studies have considered self-care as an important and necessary parameter for changing personal lifestyle and influencing the control of diabetes. The purpose of present study was to examine the relationship between self care activities of type 2 diabetic patients’ and glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA 1 c) as well as their perceived diabetes-related quality of life. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study 100 (60 females and 40 males, aged 40 to 70 years) type 2 diabetic out-patients visiting the Labbafinejad hospital in 2012. Measures of data collection included demographic, anthropometric and clinical questionnaire
Although the family has an important role in the early detection and intervention of first-episode psychosis (FEP), there are few findings reporting associations between family strengths and early treatment-seeking experiences. This study aimed to investigate, within the framework of the resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation, the association between family coping strategies, resource management factors and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in Iranian families with one adult child with FEP. Hundred and seven individuals referred to three medical centers in Tehran and diagnosed with FEP participated in this study. Caregiver-perceived DUP was measured via semi-structured interviews administered to primary caregivers
Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show well-defined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals acros
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