Exercise training is an effective therapy for many pain-related conditions, and trained athletes have lower pain perception compared to unconditioned people. Some painful conditions, including strenuous exercise, are associated with elevated levels of protons, metabolites and inflammatory factors, which may activate receptors and/or ion channels, including acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), on nociceptive sensory neurons. We hypothesized that ASICs are required for immediate exercise-induced muscle pain (IEIP), and that exercise training diminishes IEIP by modulating ASICs within muscle afferents. We found high-intensity interval training (HIIT) reduced IEIP in C57BL/6 mice, diminished ASICs mRNA levels in lumber dorsal root ganglia (DRG

Exercise induces different effects on antioxidant status depending on its intensity. The forced running wheel (FRW) model maintains a constant intensity and volume during exercise. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of FRW exercise at different running speeds on several serum biochemical parameters of liver and muscle functions and on oxidative stress biomarkers in skeletal muscle, liver and serum in the rat. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Five groups participated in constant power tests at intensities of 10, 13, 14.5, 16, and 17.5 m/min, and a non-exercise group was chosen as the control. Serum, muscle and liver tissues were collected after the tests and analyzed. At speeds> 16 m

Background and Objective: High-intensity interval training reduces diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating gene expression in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two types of high intensity interval training on the expression of collagen 1, 2 and SMAD/3 genes in the left ventricle of male rats with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: The present study was experimental. For this purpose, 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: type 1 high-intensity interval training (HIIT1: 1), type 2 high-intensity interval training (HIIT2: 1), diabetic control (DC), and non-diabetic control (NC). Diabetes was induced in all groups except non-diabetic control group by intraperitoneal injection of streptozo

Materials and methods: After orientation to the environment, breast cancer cells, MC4-L2 were injected to mice and they randomly were categorized into two groups, control (n= 10) and training (n= 10) groups. Training group performed progressive endurance training 5 days per week for 6 weeks and control group did not perform any exercise. Tumor volume was measured by a digital caliper every week. Finally, the mice were sacrificed; tumor tissue was removed and immediately frozen and kept in-70 C. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were carried out by trizol reagent and specific kits and level of genes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR.Results: Endurance training decreased significantly expression of miR-21, STAT3 and Bcl2 (P< 0.05).

Objectives: The physical component of tasks can be a problem because of muscle weakness; therefore, this research was performed to investigate the relationships between some physical fitness factors and muscle damage enzyme levels in people with mild Intellectual Disabilities (ID).Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 314 students with ID (Body Mass Index [BMI]: 23.42?4.84 kg/m2), after measuring their anthropometric variables (height, weight, and BMI), performed the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness (CSTF). This test includes flexibility (sit and reach test), muscle endurance (Push-ups and Sit-ups tests), muscle strength (Hand-grip test), and cardiorespiratory endurance (Canada Home Fitness test). Then saliva samples were collected f

High intensity interval training and blood flow restriction make huge physiological changes in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of high intensity interval training and blood flow restriction on cardiovascular fitness and inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 in active male students. 18 active students in Tehran city (age range 20-30 years) were divided into three groups: 1- training and blood flow restriction, 2- training and 3-blood flow restriction by convenience sampling method. The subjects performed high intensity interval training and blood flow restriction for 4 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the test. Based on the resul

Background and Aim: Exercise in warm weather can lead to a change in stress hormones and immune factors as compare to normal conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a bout of resistance exercise in a warm weather on Immune and hormonal responses. Materials and Methods: Eight male students with an average of 27?2 years participated in this study. The exercise program was performed for two conditions, at the first week it done in a normal temperature (20? C) and then it performed in a warm temperature (35?C) in the following week. Blood samples were taken one hour before, immediately after and one hour after of about a resistance exercise including 10 repetition, 3 sets up to 70 percent of 1 repetition moximum. In bo

Background: Assessing different aspects of physical fitness in children whose abilities are undeveloped, and their associations with second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), may better determine the potential athleticism of an individual.Aim: The purpose of the study was to examine relationships between the digit ratios and selected motor and health-related fitness parameters in a large sample of pre-adolescent females.Subjects and methods: Participants included 8 to 12 yr old Iranian and Afghan girls. The length of the left and right second and fourth digits were measured by scanning and computer-assisted image analysis. Motor- and health-related fitness tests were evaluated.Results: No significant correlations were noted between right 2D:4

Methods: Twelve female BALB/c mice were injected with cancer cell line and assigned to four groups: control (CT), training (TT), selenium nanoparticles (ST), and training+ SeTT). Interval training program was conducted for 6 weeks, 5 sessions per week. The mice in the ST and SeTT groups received for six weeks. Two days after the last session of intervention (exercise or selenium nanoparticles), the mice were anesthetized and tumor tissues were removed. and LC3 genes was determined with real-time PCR technique. A one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post hoc test, was used to compare gene expression among the groups.Results: Results indicated a significant decrease in tumor volume in the SeTT group (p< 0.001) and an increase i

Methods: Twenty female BALB/c mice were purchased from the Pasteur Institute and transferred to the Animal Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University and randomly divided into four groups of training-cancer-rest, training-cancer-training, rest-cancer-rest, and rest-cancer-training. Cancer was induced by subcutaneous injection of 4T1 cell line. The mice performed an average-intensity interval training for 10 weeks, 5 days per week. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, the mice were sacrificed to measure the research variables. Gene expression was investigated using real-time PCR. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the statistical differences between groups.Results: There was a significant difference in the E-cadherin g

Methods: A systematic search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in PubMed and Google Scholar, from inception since 1950 till October 15, 2018. The terms exercise, training, cancer, neoplasms, heart rate variability, and HRV were used in the search. Eligible studies were those trials using structured exercise intervention and having untrained adult cancer patients. Only English-language papers were included in the review.Results: Eight studies were included in the review. Of the various HRV parameters, 2 in the time domain (SDNN and RMSSD) and 3 in the frequency domain (LF, HF, and LF/HF) were commonly reported in the studies. Exercise intervention increased S

Unfortunately, the 4th author name was incorrectly published in the original publication. The complete correct name should read as follows.

Methods: Twenty female BALB/c mice were purchased from the Pasteur Institute and transferred to the Animal Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University and randomly divided into four groups of training-cancer-rest, training-cancer-training, rest-cancer-rest, and rest-cancer-training. Cancer was induced by subcutaneous injection of 4T1 cell line. The mice performed an average-intensity interval training for 10 weeks, 5 days per week. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, the mice were sacrificed to measure the research variables. Gene expression was investigated using real-time PCR. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the statistical differences between groups.Results: There was a significant difference in the E-cadherin g

[Purpose]Studies of L-carnitine in healthy athletic populations have yielded equivocal results. Further scientific-based knowledge is needed to clarify the ability of L-carnitine to improve exercise capacity and expedite the recovery process by reducing oxidative stress. This study aimed to examine the 9-week effects of L-carnitine supplementation on exercise performance, anaerobic capacity, and exercise-induced oxidative stress markers in resistance-trained males.[Methods]In a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled treatment, 23 men (age, 25?2y; weight, 81.2?8.31 kg; body fat, 17.1?5.9%) ingested either a placebo (2 g/d, n= 11) or L-carnitine (2 g/d, n= 12) for 9 weeks in conjunction with resistance training. Primary outcome meas